to defend their right to the office, authorized his appointees to raise followers sufficient to put the resisting commissioners out, and called upon President Johnson to send federal ti'oops to interfere. Judge Bond told Gen. Grant, who came to investigate the situation, that the de facto commissioners would obey a written order from the president brought by a single soldier bearing the U. S. flag; but that, if the federal authorities declined to interfere, he would arrest the Swann commissioners, and hold them to bail to keep the peace, which was accordingly done. After the emancipation of the slaves under the revised constitution of 1864, the slave-holders took advantage of an old apprentice law, and had the children of the free negroes brought to the probate courts and apprenticed to themselves. Judge Bond decided that these apprentices were held in involuntary servitude, and released, on habeas corpus, all that were brought before him He was a prominent member of an association for the education of colored people, to which his friend, Sec. Stanton, transferred all the federal barracks in Maryland for the purpose of building school-houses. ' With assistance from the freedmen's aid societies, schools were established in all the counties of the state, and Judge Bond visited every locality, and made speeches intended to overcome the prejudices of the people against the schools, which frequently broke out into violence. He lost his seat on the bench in 1868, when the democrats obtained political ascendency in the state, and resumed the practice of law in Baltimore. On 13 July, 1870, President Grant nominated him judge of the 4th circuit of the U. S. court, which includes the states of Maryland, the two Virginias, and the two Carolinas. In 1871 he conducted, at Raleigh, N. C, and Columbia, S. C., many trials of ku-klux conspirators, more than 100 of whom he sentenced to the penitentiary.
BOND, William Bennett, Canadian bishop, b.
in Truro, Cornwall, England, in 1815. At an early
age he emigrated to Newfoundland, and in 1841
was ordained a priest of the church of England.
Under the direction of Bishop Mountain, of Quebec, he organized many mission stations in the
eastern townships of Canada East, and finally took
charge of the parish of St. George's, Montreal. He
maintained his connection with this parish for
thirty years, successively becoming archdeacon of
Hocheiaga and dean of Montreal, and in 1879 bishop of Montreal. Bishop Bond is president of the theological college of the diocese of Montreal, and is an LL. D. of McGill university.
BOND, William Crauch, astronomer, b. in
Portland, Me., 9 Sept., 1789 ; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 29 Jan., 1859. He was the son of a watch-maker, and was brought up to that trade, but at
the same time studied astronomy and conducted
observations in a private observatory that he built
in Dorchester. In 1815 he went to Europe to carry
out a commission for Harvard university with reference to a contemplated observatory. In 1838
the U. S. government commissioned him to conduct a series of astronomical and meteorological
observations in connection with the exploring expedition to the South sea. He superintended the
erection of the Harvard observatory in 1839 and
became its director. The result of his observations
was published in the " Annals of the Observatory of
Harvard College." Those on Saturn and the fixed
stars gave him an extensive reputation. He was
associated with his son, George Phillips, in the discovery of the eighth satellite of Saturn and of the
single moon of Neptune, and was also one of the
earliest astronomers that employed photography to
record the aspects of heavenly bodies.—His son,
George Phillips, astronomer, b. in Dorchester,
Mass., in 1825. d. in Cambridge. Mass., 17 Feb., 1865,
was graduated at Harvard in 1845, and in February,
1859, was appointed professor of astronomy and
director of the observatory of Harvard college.
Among other works he wrote "A Treatise on the
Construction of the Rings of Saturn," in which their
fluid nature was first established; another on the
"Elements of the Orbits of Hyperion and the Satellite of Neptune," having participated in the discovery of both. He published papers also on the nebula of Andromeda, on various comets, and on stellar photography. The royal astronomical society of London voted a gold medal to Mr. Bond for a work on the Donati comet (Cambridge, 1862),
BONDI, Jonas, Jewish rabbi, b. in Dresden,
Saxony, 15 July, 1804; d. in New York, 11 March, 1874. He received a thorough secular and theological education at Prague, but did not enter upon the active duties of the ministry until his call to New York in 1859 as rabbi of a synagogue. At the expiration of his term he engaged in literary pursuits, contributing to the " Occident," of Philadelphia, and establishing in New York the "Hebrew Leader," which he edited until his death. Dr. Bondi was earnest and eloquent as a speaker and writer in the German language, regarded as an authority on Talmudical and rabbinical questions, and belonged to the conservative school of Jewish thought. He was prominently connected with Jewish charitable organizations.
BONHAM, Milledge Luke, soldier, b. in South
Carolina, 6 Mav. 1815 : d. in White Sulphur Springs, Va., 28 Aug., 1890. He was graduated in 1834, admitted to the bar at Columbia in 1837, and settled and began practice in Edgefield. In the Mexican
war he commanded a battalion of South Carolina volunteers. From 1848 till 1850 he was state solicitor for the southern circuit, in 1856 elected to
congress as a state-rights democrat, and in 1858
re-elected. On 21 Dec., 1860, he left congress with
the other members of the South Carolina delegation. He was a commissioner from South Carolina to Mississippi, and detailed as major-general
to command the South Carolina troops. He entered the confederate army with the rank of brigadier-general, and commanded a brigade at the bat-
tles of Blackburn's Ford and Bull Run. lie was then elected a representative from South Carolina in the confederate congress, and served until he was elected governor of that state for the term
1862-'4. In 1864 he returned to the confederate army, and served until the close of the war. He was a delegate to the national democratic convention held in New York in 1868.
BONNER, Robert, publisher, b. near Londonderry, Ireland, 28 April, 1824; d. in New York city, 6 July, 1899. He came to the United States and learned the printer's trade. In 1839 he was employed in the office of the Hartford "Courant," where he gained the reputation of being the most rapid compositor in Connecticut. In 1844 he removed to New York, and in 1851 purchased the "Ledger," at that time an insignificant sheet. By printing the most popular class of interesting stories, he gave the paper a wide circulation, which was further extended by the contributions of Fanny Fern, Edward Everett, Henry Ward Beecher, and other eminent authors and clergymen. He has made large gifts of money to Princeton college, and to various charities. To gratify his taste for fast horses, he has purchased several of the most celebrated trotters in the world, but withdrawn them from the race-course. Among his horses are
