Herbert Spencer" (New York, 1874); "Studies in Theism" (1879); "Metaphysics" (1882); and "Introduction to Psychological Theory" (1886).
BOYCE, James Petigru, clergyman, b. in Charleston, S. C, in 1827; d. in Paii, Prance, 28
Dec, 1888. He was graduated at Brown in 1847,
and studied theology at Princeton seminary. He
was ordained to the ministry in December, 1851, and
settled over the Baptist church at Columbia, S. C.
In 1855 he became professor of theology in Furman university. He was elected a professor in the southern Baptist theological seminary at Greenville. S. C, in February, 1858, and entered upon the duties of that office on 1 Oct., 1859. The operations of the seminary having been practically suspended during the war, he entered the confederate army as a chaplain, and served in that capacity for six months. He was elected to the legislature of South Carolina in 1862, and re-elected in 1864. In 1863 he devised a plan for extinguishing the confederate debt, and was appointed a special commissioner to secure its adoption. After the war he gave his attention to the resuscitating and re-establishing the southern Baptist theological seminary in Kentucky, and in 1874 secured pledges to the amount of $90,000 for the support of the seminary. He was for several
successive years chosen president of the southern Baptist convention. Dr. Boyce received the degree of S. T. D. from Columbian university, Washington, D. C, and that of LL. D. from Union university, Tennessee, in 1872. He contributed
liberally to the current literature, and through his sermons and addresses, many of them published in pamphlet or book-form, has attained an influential position at the south.
BOYD, Andrew Hunter Holmes, clergyman, b. in Boydsville, Va., in 1814: d. there, 16 Dec.,
1865. He was graduated at Jefferson college in 1830, studied theology in Scotland, was ordained by the presbytery of Winchester, and passed his life in the pastorate of the Presbyterian church in that section. He was connected with the new-school Presbyterian body until 1859; but at the session
of the general assembly at Cleveland, in that year, the discussion of the slavery question developed irreconcilable differences, and Dr. Boyd, with other commissioners from the slave-holding states, seceded from the assembly and organized the
"United Synod of the Presbyterian Church," composed of those presbyteries in the slave-holding
states which had belonged to the new-school general assembly, but were dissatisfied with its course
on the subject of slavery. At the beginning of
the war he took decided ground in favor of secession, but was far less bitter in his hostility to the
north than most of the clergy of that section.
BOYD, James R., clergyman, b. in Hunter, Greene co., N. Y., in 1804; d. in Geneva, N. Y., 19
Feb., 1890. He was prepared for college, and was
graduated at Union in 1822. After completing
the theological course at Princeton in 1826, he
spent a few weeks at Andover theological seminary, and in the winter of 1832 attended the lectures of Dr. Chalmers in the university of Edinburgh, Scotland. Returning to this country, he devoted several years to pastoral labors in the Presbyterian connection, but ill health compelled him to relinquish the work. He occupied for a time the chair of moral philosophy, and discharged the duties of pastor at Hamilton college, but soon resigned this place and made his home in Geneva, N. Y., devoting himself to literary work. His "Elements of Rhetoric and Literary Criticism," "Eclectic Moral Philosophy," and annotated and critical editions of standard works, have filled
an important place among college and academic
text-books in the United States.
BOYD, John A., Canadian jurist, b. in Toronto, 23 April, 1837. He was graduated at Toronto university, where he took the prize for English verse, and became a master in chancery in 1870, queen's counsel in 1880, and chancellor of Ontario in 1881, and in 1882 was elected president of the Baptist union of Canada. He is the author of "A Summary of Canadian History" (1860).
BOYD, John Parker, soldier, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 21 Dec, 1764; d. in Boston, 4 Oct.,
1830. He is best described as a free-lance or soldier of fortune. Too young to take part in the war for independence, he entered the service as ensign soon after he was of age (1786); but the period of military inanition immediately succeeding the
revolution proved too dull for his adventurous
taste, and he set out in search of a career. In 1780
he was at the head of a small army of mercenaries
in Hindustan. He had sufficient capital to equip
three battalions of about 500 men each, and to
engage some English officers. This command he
held ready for the service of any native prince that
had a war on his hands. Strifes between principalities were then of frequent occurrence, and he was at different times in the service of Holkar, rajah of Indore, of the Peishwa chief of the Mahrattas, and of Nizam Ali Khan. Under this last-named prince he was given an important command in Madras, having at one time an army of 10,000 men at his disposal. About 1806 it became evident that British conquest must put an end to
independent soldiering as a remunerative profession, so he sold his entire outfit to Col. Felose, a Neapolitan, and went to Paris. Returning to the United States, he was made colonel of the 4th U. S. infantry, 7 July, 1808, and in the autumn of 1811 was ordered to join Gen. Harrison in his expedition up the Wabash river against Tecumseh, the Indian chief, and was present with his regiment in the severe fight at Tippecanoe (7 Nov., 1811). He was commissioned brigadier-general, 26 Aug., 1812, and participated in the capture of Fort George, near the mouth of Niagara river, 27 May, 1813. In the autumn of that year he commanded a brigade in Gen. Wilkinson's expedition down the
St. Lawrence, and at the battle of Chrysler's Field, near Montreal (11 Nov.), his brigade bore the brunt of the fighting, forcing the British back as long as the ammunition lasted, and holding its ground until re-enforced. After nightfall the U. S. forces were withdrawn, and the British claimed the victory, although their antagonists claimed to have had the best of the actual fighting. After the war Boyd was appointed naval officer for the port of Boston, which office he held until his death.
BOYD, Linn, statesman, b. in Nashville, Tenn., 28 Nov.. 1800; d. in Paducah, Ky., 16 Dec, 1859. While he was a boy his parents removed to Trigg CO., Ky., where he was brought up to work on the farm, and could only attend school in winter. At twenty-six years of age he had a farm of his own in Calloway co., and. notwithstanding his slender education, was elected to represent that county in the legislature for successive terms from 1827 till 1830. Returning to Trigg co.. he was again sent to the legislature (1831-'2). He was a democrat in politics, and, after a defeat by a whig candidate in 1833, was elected to congress in 1835. He was defeated for the 25th congress, but elected for the 26th, and from 1839 till 1855 regularly re-elected to the national house of representatives. His native abilities soon made him prominent in
