militaiy attache to the Peruvian legation at Paris, where he remained from 1857 till 1860. On his re- turn to Peru in the latter year he defended the government of Pezet in several revolutions, and accompanied Prado at Callao during the attack against that place by the Spanish fleet in 1866. Then Caceres won the rank of colonel, and was given command of the Zepita regiment, at the head of which he fought against Pierola from 1876 till 1878, During the war with Chili he was promi- nent, especially at the battle of Dolores, 2 Nov., 1879, when he successfully resisted the Chilian troops and captured some of their guns. At the battle of Taena, won by the Chilians, 36 May, 1880, he commanded a brigade and fought well, after which he offered his services to the dictator Pierola, who gave him command of a division camped near Lima, which was attacked and de- feated by the Chilians, 14 Jan., 1881. When Lima was occupied by the Chilian army, Caceres and Pierola retreated with the rest of their forces to Arequipa, the former being appointed brigadier- general, and authorized by congress to continue the hostilities against the Chilians as well as against the Peruvian Gen. Iglesias, who had established a government of his own at Cajamarca. He made several unsuccessful attacks upon the Chilian troops, and, after much suffering in a three months' inarch through the Sierras, could not carry out the orders of congress to destroy Iglesias's govern- ment, for he was defeated by a Chilian division under Gorostiaga near Huamacucho, 14 Nov., 1881. Caceres then went to the interior, raised a revolu- tion against Iglesias, put himself at the head of a considerable force, and was again defeated near Lima. But he persistently worked to depose Igle- sias, collected more troops, routed those of the government, and finally entered the capital in 5lareh, 1885, and at once directed the election of a special board to govern until a new congress and president were chosen. He was elected president on 3 Dec, 1885, and his inauguration took place on 28 July. 1886.
CADENA, Trinidad García de la (cah-day-nah), Mexican soldier, b. in Zacatecas in 1832 ; d. 1 Nov., 1886. He became noted during the French invasion, fighting with success at the head of guerillas. When the republic was re-established, and
Juarez reinstated as president, in 1867, Cadena
was appointed governor of Zacatecas ; but in 1872
he declared against Juarez, and for Diaz, revolting
with 5,000 vfederal troops at San Luis Potosi. They
were joined by the garrisons of Zacatecas and
Aguascalientes, and at the head of 8,000 men Ca-
dena attacked the Tololotlan bridge, near Guada-
lajara, and then advanced upon that city to lay
siege to it ; but Gen. Rocha forced him to give up
his plan and I'etire to Lo de Ovejo. Here Cadena
was defeated in a fierce battle, and fled with 700
horsemen toward the northern frontier. He took
advantage of llie amnesty proclaimed in February,
1872, but three years afterward again revolted
against President Lerdo de Tejada and in favor of
the plan of Tuxtepec, advocated by Diaz. He
then led a band of guerillas at Zacatecas and
Aguascalientes, and, in an encounter with the gov-
ernment troops, killed Col. Ordonez. On the final
success of the revolutionary army, Cadena met
Diaz at Lagos, and it is said that in their confer-
ence Diaz promised Cadena to support his candi-
dacy for the presidency of the republic as soon as
he should be in power; but he was only elected
governor of Zacatecas, and Diaz openly supported
Manuel Gonzalez's candidacy. In March, 1880, an
attempt was made against Cadena's life by a party
of masked men while he was going to his farm,
fifteen miles from Zacatecas. He defended him-
self with liis rifle, killed two of the assailants, and
dis})ersed the others, without being hurt. This and
other violent acts caused him to remove to the
city of Mexico and retire temporarily from public
life. But, being annoyed by the government of
Diaz, he disappeared from the capital in the latter
part of October, 1886, and on 1 Nov. was taken
prisoner with his secretary, and immediately shot
by order of President Diaz, whose arbitrary action
in tliis matter was severely criticised.
CADILLAC, Antoine de La Mothe, founder
of Detroit, b. in Gascony, France, in 1657; d. 18
Oct., 1730. He was of noble birth, served in Aca-
dia as a captain in the French army, and in 1680
was ordered to France by Louis XIV. to furnish
information relative to New France and the Eng-
lish colonies, and especially to the condition of the
harbors and defences on the coast. He was made
lord of Bouagnat and Mount Desert, Me., in 1691,
and in 1694 Frontenac appointed him commander
of Michilimackinae, then the largest place in Cana-
da, next to Montreal and Quebec. He remained
here until 1697, and in 1699 laid before the king at
Versailles his plan of establishing a permanent
post to become the commercial centre of the north-
west. The king favored the project ; but on his
return to Canada Cadillac met with discourage-
ment from the governor-general. Landing flnally
at Detroit, 24 July, 1701, with flfty settlers and
fifty soldiers, instead of the 200 settlers and six
companies that he had been promised by the king,
he laid the foundations of the present city, which
he named Fort Pontchartrain. The little settle-
ment had among its enemies the Iroquois, the Jesu-
its, and all the Canadian officials, as Cadillac, un-
like them, received his commission directly from
the king : and, moreover, this post threatened to
divert profitable trade from Montreal and Quebec.
He was arrested at Quebec in 1704 upon charges of
official misconduct, but, after vexatious delays, was
triumphantly acquitted. He returned to Detroit
in the fall of 1706, and in 1707 marched against
the Miamis and reduced them to terms. Visiting
the Illinois country, he reported the discovery of a
silver mine, afterward called the La Mothe mine.
He next established a post among the Indians of
Alabama. He punished the hostile Natchez tribe,
who made peace ; and a fort was erected in their
country in 1714, named Fort Rosalie, in honor of
Mine, de Pontchartrain ; another was built at
Natchitoches, to prevent the Spaniards approach-
ing the French colony. In 1711 he was made
governor of Louisiana, then an almost unknown
wilderness, but failed in his endeavor to open
trade with Mexico. In 1717, after the perfect-
ing of John Law's " Mississippi scheme," the gov-
ernment and trade of Louisiana passed into the
hands of his new " western company," and Cadillac
returned to France. In 1787 the commonwealth
of Massachusetts confirmed to his granddaughter,
Mine. Gregoire, so much of Mount Desert Island as
was not already granted to others.
CADWALADER, George, soldier, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 16 May, 1806 ; d. there, 3 Feb., 1879. He was a sou of Gen. Thomas Cadwalader. His boyhood was passed in Philadelphia, where he
studied, read law, was admitted to the bar, and practised his profession until 1846, when war with Mexico was declared, and he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. He was present
at the battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, and for gallantry in the latter engagement was brevetted major-general. Resuming his law prac-
