senate. In 1878 he was sworn in as receiver- general, in 1879 as postmaster-general, in January, 1880, as minister of militia, in May, 1881, as minister of justice, and in 1887 became lieutenant-governor of Ontario, in 1879 he was knighted.
CAMPBELL, Alexander Augustus, clergy-
man, b. in Amherst co., Va., 30 Dec, 1789; d. in
Jackson, Tenn., 27 May, 1846. After receiving a
common-school education, he studied medicine, and
was graduated at Philadelphia in 1811. For sev-
eral years he had been an infidel, but became con-
verted during an attack of yellow fever. After
practising medicine in North Carolina, Virginia,
and Alabama, he began the study of divinity, was
licensed to preach by the North Alabama presby-
tery, 22 April, 1822, and was ordained 29 Sept.,
1823. He was pastor of churches in Tuscumbia,
Russellville, and Florence, Ala., was a missionary
in west Tennessee, and became pastor at Jackson,
Tenn., 3 Oct., 1833, where he also lectured, edited
the Jackson " Protestant," and practised medicine,
chiefly among the Cherokee and Creek riiission-
aries. Pie published a treatise on " Scripture Bap-
tism " (1844).
CAMPBELL, Andrew, inventor, b. near Tren-
ton, N. J., 14 June, 1821 ; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
13 April, 1890. He received a common-school edu-
cation, and, after a year's experience as a farmer's
boy, he was apprenticed to learn the trade of car-
riage-making at Mattawan, N. J., but, as he was
only allowed to work on stormy days, he ran away
to Trenton, where he learned to make brushes. At
this time, early in 1837, he made his first invention,
the brush-drawer's vise, which is now universally
used. In April, 1837, he started for the west, and
after a journey lasting over five months, part of
which was made on foot, he reached Alton, 111., where
he again apprenticed himself to a carriage-maker.
He went to St. Louis in 1842, and for a time resumed
the brush business. During his residence there he
aided in the construction of the first omnibus ever
used in St. Louis, and also designed and built in
1846 the " Great Western," the largest omnibus
ever seen on a common road, which seated easily
50 and often carried 100 at a time. It was the
first monitor top vehicle ever built. In 1850 he
removed to Paducah, to put into operation some
box machinery, but was induced to go into bridge-
building, and constructed over Cedar river, Iowa,
the longest single-span wooden bridge ever erected,
it being 558 feet between abutments. He removed
in 1851 to Linneus. Mo. Prior to this time his
attention had not been specially devoted to print-
ing-presses, although in 1844, while in St. Louis,
he repaired an old press belonging to ths " Repub-
lican," and later the presses of the " Statesman " in
Columbia, Mo., one of which was the first press
west of the Mississippi, having been taken originally
to St. Louis in 1808. At Linneus, his attention
was called to the fact that George Bruce, of New
York, offered $1,000 for a press that would print
500 copies an hour, and could be sold for f 500.
The solution of this problem occupied him for
some time, but, on corresponding with Mr. Bruce,
he found that the time had expired in which to
submit his plans. The world's fair, held in New
York in 1853. aiforded him tlie opportunity of
visiting the metropolis, and he devised a lathe
capable of turning fifty match-boxes a minute,
which was disposed of at the exhibition. While in
New York he submitted his plans to the leading
press-builders, but failed to convince them of their
value. He then invented a machine intended to
feed forty sheets a minute, which he persuaded
A. B. Taylor «&. Co. to build for him. He entered
the employ of this firm as foreman of the printing-
press factory, and continued with it until 1858,
meanwhile becoming familiar with the details of
manufacture and inventing numerous devices,
among which was the endless band-fly used on the
Bullock press. During these years he built presses
for Harper Brothers and Frank Leslie, among
which were the first ever produced in this country
with table distribution; and the first automatic
press ever built he set up for Mr. Leslie in 1857.
A year later he began business for himself, and in
1861 brought out his country-newspaper press,
which was the first registering power-printing press
for color-work ever invented. This press, for sim-
plicity of construction, thorough distribution,
clearness and beauty of impression, and perfection
of register, was far superior to anything then
made. In 1866 he invented his two-revolution
book-press, and in 1868 his art-press for fine illus-
trations. Later he constructed for J. C. Ayer &
Co. the first super-imposing press, with which it was
possible to print 120 almanacs a minute, and on
which 7,000,000 impressions have been taken from
one form without perceptible damage to the plates.
In 1876 he contracted to build for the Cleveland
" Leader " a press from which 12,000 copies could
be printed in an hour, and constructed the first
press ever built that printed, inserted, pasted,
folded, and cut in one continuous operation. He
has since made numerous improvements in his
presses, and his patents, numbering nearly fifty,
are applied to everv branch of press-building.
CAMPBELL, Sir Archibald, British soldier,
b. in Inverary, Scotland, in 1739: d. in London,
England, 31 March, 1791. He was appointed cap-
tain in the 42d regiment in October, 1758; major
in December, 1760; and lieutenant-colonel of the
71st regiment in 1775. While entering Boston
harbor just after Gen. Howe had departed, he was
taken prisoner with a portion of his corps, and
was made a subject of retaliation for the cruel
treatment of captive American officers, ' Notwith-
standing this, he afterward displayed gentleness
and humanity toward his foes, when conducting
active ojjerations in the south, where he proved
himself a brave and skilful commander. He led
an expedition against Savannah, Ga., in 1778, start-
ing from Sandy Hook on 27 Nov. with 2,000 troops
and a small squadron. He landed his force on 29
Dec, and on the same day defeated Gen. Robert
Howe and took the city. He issued orders to com-
manders in the lower part of the state to treat the
people leniently ; and in answer to his proclama-
tion, inviting them to join the BritiL^h standard,
several hundred proclaimed their loyalty. Camp-
bell then encouraged the tories of South Carolina
to join him in an attack on Augusta, and on 29
Jan.,. 1779, marched on that city with 2,000 men.
He took possession of it, but was obliged to retreat
to Savannah on 13 Feb. He became colonel on 7
Dec, 1779, and major-general 20 March. 1782,
He was governor of Jamaica from 1781 till 1784,
knighted in 1785, and governor of Madras from
1785 till 1789, commanding the forces on the coast
of Coromandel, East Indies. He was member of
parliament for Sterling from 1774 till 1780, and
again in 1789.
CAMPBELL, Bartley, dramatist, b. in Allegheney Citv, Pa., 12 Aug.' 1843 ; d. in Middletown, N. Y., 30 July, 1888. In 1856 he entered a Pittsburg law office, but was declared an unpromising student, and in 1858 became a reporter for the Pittsburg "Leader." In 1863 and 1864 he made public speeches in the interest of the democratic party. He founded the "' Evening Mail " in Pittsburg in
