CARDENAS Y RODRIGUEZ, Jose M. de, b. in Matanzas in 1812 ; d. in Guauabasao, 14 Dec, 1883. He came to New York in 1834 to finish his studies, and returned to Cuba in 1837. He published "Coleccion de Articulos," sketches of Cuban life and manners, written with grace and humor (Havana, 1847). Some of these sketches have been translated into French, and published in the "Revue des deux mondes." Cardenas wrote also a good comedy, •' Un tio sordo," a collection of fables, and many light and graci-fnl poems. Some of his fables have been translatdl into English.
CARDENAS Y RODRIGUEZ, Nicolas de, author, b. in Havana in 1814 ; d. in 1868. He published " Ensayos Poeticos " (New York, 183G) ; "Escenas de la Vida en Cuba" (Havana, 1841); "Las
dos Bodas," a novel (1844); "Apuntes para la Historia de Nuevitas " ; and " Diego de Velazquez," a drama. Cardenas was a constant contributor to the periodical press.
CARDINAL, Joseph Narcisse, Canadian revolutionist, b. in St. Constant, Canada, in 1808 ; d. in Montreal, 20 Dec, 1838. He was sent to the College of Montreal in 1818, and continued there five years. He then studied law, and was admitted to practice
in 1829. In 1834 he threw himself into the electoral
struggle then going on in Canada, and, as he took
the side of his compatriots, he was elected to the
legislature. He at once took a leading part and
supported vigorously the measures of Papineau.
But he did not approve of the insurrectionary at-
tempt of 1837. He was exposed to so much perse-
cution from his political opponents that he left
Canada in December of that year and settled in
Covington, N. Y. While here he made preparations
for a general insurrection with other Canadian ex-
iles, having had promises of support from a large
body of Americans. In 1838, at the head of 200
Canadians, he took up a position in a wood a mile
from the Indian village of Caughnawauga. Car-
dinal and a companion named Duquet entered the
village, but were attacked by the Indians, and fled
to the woods. Meanwhile the 200 Canadians grew
weary of waiting for them, and dispersed. Some
days later Cardinal and Duquet were captured and
surrendered to the British authorities. They were
tried for high treason, and on 28 Nov., with Lepail-
leur, another compatriot, were condemned to die, a
sentence which was executed on the two former.
The last named was transported to Australia.
CARDOSO, Jose Joaquin (car-tho'-so), Mexican jurist, b. in the city of Puebla, 19 March. 1802; d. in Mexico, 6 Feb., 1878. He began his studies in Puebla, continued them at the Colegio de San Ildefonso of Mexico, and was graduated as a lawyer in 1828. Having joined the advanced faction of the liberal party, he soon became noted and was one of President Gomez Farias's advisers. During Santa Anna's administration, a powerful secret society called " Los Polkos " was organized by the conservatives, and Cardoso at once founded an antagonistic lodge, " La Escocesa," with a selected membership. When the war with the United
States began, he retired from public life, went to Puebla, and devoted himself entirely to his favorite study of botany. He made several scientific excursions to Popocalapetl and Orizaba, and discovered, collected, and classified many plants. From
1851 till 1854 he taught Latin, until his political friends called him to the liberal convention preparing the plan of Ayutla in 1854 ; and in 1857 they elected him deputy to the 1st congress. Although he was a faithful friend and supporter of
President Juarez, and had great influence during
his administration, he declined the portfolio of
justice offered him many times, and also several
high offices that were offered him by Maximilian.
He had written and published several works, when
the government in 1868 gave him charge of the
San Agustin library (now the national library),
containing thousands of books collected from the
Mexican convents. He classified the books, made
the catalogues, and completely organized the libra-
ry. Cardoso also took great interest in art mat-
ters, and left a fine collection of paintings of the
old masters. The most important of his works are
"La herbolaria mejicana"; "Virgilio bajo el punto de vista de la estetica " ; " Comentarios sobre la vida de Voltaire"; " Autobiografias mejicanas"; "Propercio y Juvenal " ; " El metodo de Humboldt"; "Linneo el Joven" ; " Cual fue la primera
planta medicinal entre los antiguos"; "La Flora
entre los Aztecas " ; and " Estudios sobre el dere-
cho primitivo."
CARDOZO, Isaac N., journalist, b. in Savannah, Ga., 17 June, 1786; drowned in James river, Va., 26 Aug., 1850. His family moved, about 1794, to Charleston, S. C, where he received an English education. He became editor of the " Southern
Patriot" in Charleston in 1816, and its sole proprietor in 1823. He had made himself familiar with the principles of trade and finance, and his paper became a recognized free-trade organ. When a public meeting was held in Charleston, in 1822,
to present a memorial to congress against the restrictions on trade with the West Indies, Mr. Cardozo, notwithstanding his free-trade principles, opposed the memorial, holding that the restrictions were right so long as they were intended
merely to force Great Britain into reciprocity. He took an active part in 1823 in the establishment of the Charleston chamber of commerce. After the tariff act of 1828 was passed by congress, he brought the matter before the chamber, and was
one of a committee that drafted a memorial to congress that was afterward unanimously adopted at a public meeting in Charleston. Although Mr. Cardozo continued to oppose the tariff, he did not
support the nullification movement. He sold his paper in 1845, and in the same year established the "Evening News," of which he became the commercial editor. He was a contributor to the
" Southern Quarterly Review " and other periodicals, and published " Notes on Political Economy " (Charleston, 1826).
CAREW, Sir Benjamin Hallowell, British naval officer, b. in Boston, Mass., in 1760 ; d. in Beddington Park, England, 2 Sept., 1834. He was the son of Benjamin Hallowell, customs commissioner at Boston. Entering the navy at an early age, he became a lieutenant in August, 1781, captain in 1798, rear-admiral in 1811, vice-admiral in 1819, K. C. B. in 1819, and K. G. C. in 1831. He was with Rodney in the engagement with DeGrasse; commanded a ship of the line under Hotham in the
action off the Hieres islands; was a volunteer on board the "Victory," in the battle of Cape St. Vincent; and, in command of the "Swiftsure," contributed essentially to the great victory of the Nile. After the battle, Hallowell had a coffin made
from part of the main-mast of "L'Orient," and sent it to Nelson, that, when his military career was done, he might be buried in one of his trophies. Southey says the offering was received in the spirit in which it was sent, and Nelson had it set up in his cabin. Hallowell was with Hood at the reduction of St. Lucia and Tobago, and with Nelson in the West Indies. He succeeded to the estates of the Carews in 1828. See Sabine's "Loyalists of the Revolution" (Boston, 1864).
