meet on equal terms in a free market for the exchange of their commodities, for I sincerely believe that all commercial restrictions are in the end injurious to the interests of the people.”
CARLISLE, Richard Risley, athlete, b. in
Salem, N. J., in 1814; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 25
May, 1874. At an early age he became a gymnast
in a circus, afterward trained his two sons to per-
form with him, and the trio, as the " Risley family,"
became celebrated. In 1845 they went abroad,
performed at Diury lane theatre, London, and
before the queen. In St. Petersburg he won six-
teen prize rifles by his marksmanship, and excelled
all his competitors in skating. Returning to Lon-
don, he wagered that he could beat any one else in
the city at shooting, wrestling, jumping, throwing
the hammer, and playing billiards ; and he made
good his boast on the following day in everything
except billiard-playing, in which he was defeated.
Piqued at this, he took with him to London the
best American billiard-player, wagered .|30,000 on
his success, and lost. He then bought a country-
seat near Chester, Pa., but was afterward unsuccess-
ful in his ventures, and finally died in the lunatic
department of the Blockley almshouse. In 1848 he
brought the first troupe of Japanese acrobats to
this country, at a cost of $100,000.
CARLL, John Franklin, civil engineer, b. in
Bushwick (now Brooklyn), N. Y., 7 May, 1828. He
received his education at Union Hall academy in
Flushing, L. I., and in 1846 assisted his father in
farming. Prom 1849 till 1853 he was associated
with his brother-in-law, E. 0. Crowell, in the edit-
ing and publication of the Newark daily and weekly
" Eagle." These interests he disposed of in 1853 and
returned to Flushing, where for the ten following
years he practised civil engineering and surveying.
In October, 1864, he settled in Pleasantville, and
became engaged in the development of oil. While
so occupied he devised the static pressure sand-
pump, removable pump-chamber, and adjustable
sleeve for piston-rods, now used in operating oil-
wells. In 1874 he became attached to the Geologi-
cal survey of Pennsylvania, and afterward was as-
sistant in the oil and gas region. The reports of
the survey— known as I (1874), I^ (1877), I^ (1880),
I* (1883), and I^ in the annual report of 1885 — were
prepared by him, and consist of geological descrip-
tions of those counties containing petroleum.
CARLTON, Thomas, clergyman, b. in London-
derry, N. H., 26 July, 1808 ; d. in Elizabeth, N. J.,
16 April, 1874. He entered the Genesee conference
of the M. E. chui'ch in 1829, and was connected
with that conference for twenty-three years, preach-
ing in Rochester, Buffalo, and other places in west-
ern New York. He was agent of the Genesee
Wesleyan seminary for three years, and presiding
elder of important districts for seven years. In
1852 he was elected by the general conference
senior agent of the Methodist book concern in New
York, which post he retained until 1872. He was
also for the same period treasurer of the missionary
society of the Methodist Episcopal church.
CARMAN, Captain, seaman, d. at sea in De-
cember, 1645. He commanded a vessel that sailed
from New Haven in December, 1642, for the Ca-
nary islands. During the voyage he was attacked
by a Turkish pirate, and a severe engagement fol-
lowed, in which the American vessel was boarded
by a force outnumbering his own by five to one ;
yet he succeeded in driving them off, and escaped
with the loss of a single man and several wounded.
In November, 1645, he sailed from Boston for Mal-
aga, and, running aground off the coast of Spain,
was, with many others, drowned.
CARMAN, Albert, M. E. bishop, b. in Matilda
(now Iroquois), Ontario, Canada, 27 June, 1833.
He was graduated at Victoria college, Cobourg, in
1854, was head-master of the Matilda grammar-
school in 1854-'7, professor of mathematics in Al-
bert college, Belleville, Ontario, in 1858, and presi-
dent of Albert college and university from 1858
till 1874 ; ordained an elder of the M. E. church
in 1864, and in 1874 elected bishop of the Method-
ist Episcopal church of Canada. In 1883 he was
chosen general superintendent of the M. E. church.
The church school at Belleville he developed from
a seminary into a university, and he was also the
founder of Alma college for ladies at St. Thomas,
and instrumental in forming the union of the four
Methodist churches of Canada.
CARMAN, Robert Baldwin, Canadian jurist, b. in Iroquois, county of Dundas, Ontario, 23 Oct., 1843. He was graduated at Albert college, Belleville, in 1867. Subsequently he studied in Lawrence scientific school, Harvard university, and on his return to Canada was for four years professor of chemistry in Albert university. Subsequently he studied law and was admitted as a barrister in 1873. He began practice in Cornwall, and was appointed deputy judge of Stormont, Dundas, and Glengarry in 1879, and junior judge in 1883.
CARMICHAEL, William, diplomatist, b. in
Maryland ; d. in February, 1795. He was a man
of fortune who resided in London at the beginning
of the revolution. He was on his way to America
in July, 1776, with despatches from Arthur Lee,
but was detained in Paris by sickness, and assisted
Mr. Deane in his correspondence and transaction
of business for more than a year. He communi-
cated to the king of Prussia, at Berlin, intelligence
concerning American commerce, and assisted the
commissioners at Paris. After his return to Amer-
ica in 1778 he was a delegate to congress from
Maryland in 1778-'80. He was secretary of lega-
tion during Mr. Jay's mission to Spain, and when
the latter left Spain, in June, 1782, he remained as
charge d'affaires. In March, 1792, William Short
was joined with him in a commission to negotiate
a treaty with Spain in relation to the navigation
of the Mississippi river ; but they were unable to
make a satisfactory arrangement. Carmichael re-
turned to the United States in May, 1794. His let-
ters were published in Sjjarks's " Diplomatic Cor-
respondence."
CARMIENCKE, John Hermann, artist, b. in
Hamburg, Germany, in 1810; d. in Brooklyn, L. I.,
15 June, 1867. He studied art in Germany, and
came to the United States in 1848, settling in
Brooklyn. He was industrious in the pursuit of
his art, and his paintings are faithful delineations
of the forms of nature. He was a very successful
teacher, a member of the Art association, and one of
the earliest and most active members of the
Brooklyn academy of design, and of the Artists' fund
society of New York.
CARMONA, Alonso or Alfonso (car-mo'-nah),
Spanish soldier, b. in Priego. Spain, flourished in
the 16th century. He was one of the companions
of Hernando de Soto during his expedition to
Florida, and wrote a description of the discovery
and conquest of that region, under the title of
"Peregrinaciones a la Florida y principales sucesos de su conquista." His manuscripts were useful to the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega when he wrote his
"Historia de la Florida."
CARNAHAN, James, educator, b. in Cumberland county, Pa., 15 Nov., 1775 ; d. in Newark, N. J., 2 March, 1859. He was graduated at Princeton in 1800, and continued there until 1803 as
