Cape Horn to operate on the Pacific coast, extended to Agassiz an invitation to make the voyage in the interest of science. The expedition, with a competent corps of assistants, sailed in December and reached San Francisco late in August. Much valuable scientific information was accumulated, new facts concerning the glacial phenomena of South America were obtained, careful observations of the temperature of the water and deep-sea soundings were regularly made, and great collections of fishes, reptiles, mollusks, and other specimens of natural history were gathered, a large portion of which were added to his museum in Cambridge. The gift of Penikese island and money for its endowment, by John Anderson, of New York, in 1873, made possible the establishment of the Penikese island school of natural history. This summer school, affording opportunities for the study of specimens direct from nature without the intervention of text-books, was the accomplishment of a long-cherished project of Agassiz's. The first season was enthusiastically passed, and at its end the pupils bade farewell to the master, who, a few months later, after a short illness, died in Cambridge. His grave in Mt. Auburn is marked by a boulder from the glacier of the Aar, and shaded by pine-trees brought from Switzerland.
Agassiz received the degree of LL. D. from the universities of Edinburgh and Dublin before he was thirty years of age. In 1836 he was elected to the French academy of sciences, and in the same year he was made a fellow of the royal society of London. He was also a member of nearly all the learned and scientific societies in Europe. In the United States, he was a member of the American association for the advancement of science, of the American academy of arts and sciences, of the Boston natural history society, and of many other scientific organizations. He was also an original member of the national academy of sciences.
In addition to the works already enumerated, there appeared, under the title of “The Structure of Animal Life” (Boston, 1852), a collection of newspaper extracts of lectures delivered extemporaneously. This book was never revised by him, and contains numerous errors. Agassiz also published “Methods of Study in Natural History” (Boston, 1863); “Geological Studies” (two series, Boston, 1866-'76); and “Journal in Brazil” (Boston, 1868), in conjunction with Mrs. Elizabeth Cary Agassiz, who has edited “Louis Agassiz: His Life and Correspondence” (Boston, 1886). His contributions of scientific memoirs to transactions and proceedings of various societies were numerous. A complete list of them may be found in the catalogue of scientific papers published by the royal society of London.
AGNEW, Cornelius Rea, physician, b. in New
York city, 8 Aug., 1830; d. there, 18 April, 1888.
He was graduated at Columbia College in 1849,
studied medicine at the college of physicians and
surgeons, and received his degree in 1852. During the following year he was house surgeon, and
subsequently curator, at the New York hospital.
After studying in Europe, he was surgeon to the
New York eye and ear infirmary until 1864. In
1858 he was appointed surgeon - general of the
state of New York, and at the outbreak of the
civil war he became medical director of the New
York state volunteer hospital, in which capacity
he performed most efficient service. He was a
prominent member of the U. S. sanitary commis-
sion, and much of its success must be attributed to
his labors. In 1868 he established an ophthalmic
clinic in the college of physicians and surgeons,
and during the following year he was elected clinical professor of diseases of the eye and ear in the
same institution. He founded in 1868 the Brooklyn eye and ear hospital, and in 1869 the Manhattan eye and ear hospital. For several years
he was one of the managers of the New York state
hospital for the insane, at Poughkeepsie. Dr.
Agnew exhibited considerable interest m the educational institutions of New York city. In 1859
he was elected a trustee of the public schools, and
subsequently he was president of the board. In
1864 he was associated in the establishment of the
Columbia college school of mines, and in 1874 became one of the trustees of the college. In 1872
he was elected president of the State medical society. He contributed numerous papers to the current medical journals, most of which are devoted to diseases of the eye and ear, and he also published brief monographs and a "Series of American Clinical Lectures," edited by E. C. Seguin, M. D. (New York, 1875).
AGNEW, James, British soldier, killed in the
battle of Germantown, 4 Oct., 1777. He came to
Boston in the latter part of 1775, holding the rank
of lieutenant-colonel. He commanded a brigade
in 1776, and was engaged at Brooklyn heights, in
the Danbury expedition, and at Brandywine, where
he was wounded.
AGRAMONTE, Ignacio, Cuban revolutionist,
b. in Puerto Principe, Cuba, in 1841; d. 11 May,
1873. He studied law in Havana, and was
admitted to the bar in 1867. When the insurrection
against Spanish rule broke out in the eastern part
of the island in 1868, Agramonte took a
prominent part in the uprising of the Camagüey district
in November, and in February, 1869, he was
appointed secretary to the provisional government of
the insurrectionists. He was also a member of the
Cuban congress, and one of the signers of the act
freeing the slaves in the island. Finally he took
the field, and held a commission as major-general
of the forces operating in the Camagüey district,
where he distinguished himself in many bloody
contests with the Spanish troops. He fell in the
battle of Jimaguayú.
AGUADO, Pedro (ah-goo-ah'-do), Spanish
Franciscan monk, b. in Valdemoro, near Madrid, in
the 16th century. He went to South America,
where he wrote an interesting book that was
published under the title of “Descubrimiento pacificación y población de la provincia de Santa Marta y
Nuevo reino de Granada.”
AGÜERO, Joaquin de, Cuban revolutionist, b. in Puerto Principe, Cuba, in 1816; d. there 12 Aug., 1851. In 1843 he freed all his slaves. In 1851 he headed an insurrection against the Spanish government, in the central part of the island, was defeated after a desperate contest, and was
captured and shot, together with his principal followers.
AGÜEYNABA (ahg-way-nah'-ba). I. Sachem of the island of Porto Rico when the Spaniards, under command of Juan Ponce de Leon, took possession of that part of the West Indies. He was friendly to Ponce, and accompanied him in an expedition to Santo Domingo. Soon after returning to his native land he died, in 1510. II. Sachem, brother
of the preceding, whom he succeeded early in 1511. He promoted rebellion among his fellow-Indians, who attacked the Spaniards and killed many of them. At first the Indians refused to follow him, fearing the result of a war, as they believed the Europeans to be immortal; but he convinced them of the contrary by having a young Spaniard kept under water until dead, and then preserved until
