the country as a French possession, in accordance with the preliminaries of peace signed six months before. They buried in different places six leaden tablets, with inscriptions recording the formal oc- cupation in the name of the French king. They descended the Ohio to the mouth of the Great Mi- ami, and thence crossed by land to Lake Erie, and reached Fort Niagara on 19 Oct., 1749.
CENTENO, Diego (then-tay'-no), Spanish sol-
dier, b. in 1505; d. in 1549. He accompanied Pi-
zarro as an officer in the conquest of Peru and
amassed a very large fortune. Centeno distin-
guished himself in the battle of Chupas, gained by
Vaca de Castro in 1542 against young Almagro,
the assassin of Francisco Pizarro. Afterward he
made war against Gonzalo Pizarro for the posses-
sion of Peru, but was utterly routed at Guarina, or
Huarina, in 1547. Four years later he died from
the effects of poison given to him at a banquet.
CEPEDA, Fernando de (thay-pay'-da), author,
b. near the end of the 16th century. He published
in Mexico, in 1637, an account in Spanish of the
foundation of that city, of the great inundations
that it suffered, and of the canals designed and
executed between the years 1553 and 1637. Its
title is " Relacion del Sitio en que esta fundada
la Ciudad de Mexico." Leon, in his " Bibliotheca
Indica," says that it was probably the same author
that wrote a useful work entitled " De la Plata
Ensayada, y Barras de las Indias."
CERACHI, Giuseppe (eher-rah'-kee). Italian
sculptor, b. in 1740; executed January, 1801. He
came to Philadelphia in 1791 and made busts of
Washington, Hamilton, and other eminent men.
He also made a bust of Napoleon Bonaparte in
1796, when Italy was invaded by that general. In
1800, having formed with Arena and others a de-
sign to assassinate the first consul, he, with the
intention (as is supposed) of carrying out this de-
sign, proposed to uiidei'take another statue of him ;
but the plot was detected and he was guillotined.
CERDA, Alfonso de la, Peruvian R. C. bishop,
b. ia Caeeres, Spain ; d. in Chuquisaca, Peru, in
1592. He emigrated to America, seeking his for-
tune ; but the crimes of his fellow-adventurers
disgusted him with the world, and he entered the
convent of San Ilosario in Lima, and took the
habit of the Dominican order in 1545. He was
elected successively prior of the convents of Porto
Bello, Arequipa, and Lima, then preacher-general,
and finally provincial. In this latter capacity he
made a thorough visitation of his province, and
established a rule that all candidates for missionary
duty who had not a knowledge of the Indian lan-
guages should be rejected. In 1573 he was deputed
by the Dominicans of Peru to defend their inter-
ests at Rome. He was successful in his mission,
and returned to Spain. He was on the point of
embarking for Peru when news arrived of the
death of the bishop of Honduras. Philip II. nomi-
nated Father de la Cerda to the vacant see, and he
was consecrated before his departure for America.
He did not remain long in Honduras, as the bish-
opric of Chuquisaca fell vacant and he was trans-
ferred to it. Shortly after his elevation he found-
ed a convent of his order in Chuquisaca.
CESNOLA, Luigi Palma di (ches-no'-la),
archæologist, b. near Turin, Italy, 29 July, 1832. He
was educated at the Royal military academy, and
served in the Sardinian army during the war
in 1849, and also was engaged in the Crimean war.
In 1860 he came to the United States and volunteered
in the military service, becoming colonel of
the 4th New York cavalry. He was in the battle
of Aldie, in June, 1862, where he was wounded and
captured. Afterward he was appointed U.S. consul
at Cyprus, where he made extensive
archæological examinations and acquired a large
collection of antiquities, which in 1873 became the
property of the Metropolitan museum of art. During
the latter part of 1873 he again visited Cyprus,
and added much to the collections already
gathered, and on his return to New York in 1877 was
made director of the museum. About 1879 many
adverse judgments by eminent art critics, reflecting
on the integrity of his collections, appeared
in the New York art journals and in the daily
press. These charges were referred to a committee
of five well-known gentlemen, who, after careful
examination, declared them groundless. The
matter was afterward brought into the courts, and
a libel suit against Col. Cesnola was instituted by
Gaston L. Feuardent, which, after a prolonged
trial, resulted in a disagreement of the jury. This
case attracted great attention on account of the
extreme partisanship shown by the newspapers
during the trial. He married a daughter of
Capt. Samuel C. Reid, who repelled with great loss
to the enemy the British attack on his ship, the
“General Armstrong,” in the harbor of Fayal, in
September, 1814. Columbia college conferred on
Col. Cesnola the degree of LL. D. in 1880. he is
the author of “Researches and Discoveries in
Cyprus” (New York, 1878).
CESPEDES, Carlos Manuel de (thes'-pay-des),
Cuban revolutionist, b. in Bavamo, Cuba, 18 April,
1819; d. 22 March, 1874. He studied in Havana
and in Spain, and was admitted to the bar in Ma-
drid in 1842. After being implicated with Gen.
Prim in a conspiracy for the overthrow of the gov-
ernment, he returned, in 1844, to his native city,
where he practised his profession and cultivated
literature. He wrote a comedy, " Las dos Dianas,"
and made a metrical translation of several books
of Virgil's "^neid." In 1852, on account of
political disturbances, he was confined for some
time in a Spanish man-of-war at Santiago de Cuba,
and then banished to a small inland town. He
was allowed to return to Bayamo, where he resided
until October, 1868. On the 9th of this month he
headed an insurrection in the town of Yara against
the Spanish government, and published a manifesto
in justification of his course. Soon the whole
eastern part of the island was in arms. On 18
Oct., Cespedes entered Bayamo, which became the
seat of the revolutionary government ; but on 16
Jan., 1869, he had to abandon it at the approach of
a strong force imder Gen. Valmaseda, and burned
the city before the arrival of the Spanish troops,
Cespedes went then to the Camagiiey district, and
established the seat of the rerolutionary govern-
ment in Guaimaro. On 10 April, 1869, a Cuban
congress assembled there and framed a constitu-
tion for the republic they were trying to found.
Cespedes was made president by acclamation, and
remained with his cabinet in Guaimaro until 1870,
when he was dislodged by the Spanish forces under
Gen. Puello. He then retired to a more secluded
and safe place, lost much of his prestige, and in
October, 1873, was deposed from the presidency bv
the Cuban congress after a short trial. The man-
ner of his death has never been explained.
CHABANEL, Natalis, missionary, b. in France in 1613. He was ordained priest, and acted as professor of rhetoric in several colleges of the province of Toulouse. He was sent to Canada in 1643, where he studied the Algonquin language, and settled as a missionary among the Hurons, As he felt a strong repugnance to the habits of the Indians, and fearing that this disgust might result