Wtay of the Illinois, descended the river to New Orleans, thence proceeding to France by way of Santo Domingo, after an absence of two years. He published, in 1724, a " Vie de la mere Marie de l'Incarnation," first superior of the Ursulines at Quebec. From 1733 till 1755 he was one of the directors of the " Journal de Tre- voux." His pub- lished works in- clude " Histoire ct description du Japon " (Rouen, 1715, 3 vols. ; re- vised edit., Paris, 1736, 9 vols., and 1754, 6 vols.); "Histoire de Tile Espagnole ou de Saint Donungue " (Paris, 1730. 2 vols., with illus-
trations ; revised
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edit., Amsterdam, 1733, 4 vols., with charts and il- lustrations), for which he was furnished the mate- rials by the Jesuit lepers who had lived upward of twenty-five years in Santo Domingo; "Histoire et description de la Nouvelle France" (Paris, 1744, 6 vols., with charts and illustrations). The two latter volumes contained the journal that he wrote while in America. It was translated into English (Lon- don. 1769). Another edition in English was pub- lished by John Gilmary Shea (New York, 6 vols., 1865-73). The last work written by Charlevoix was " Histoire du Paraguay" (1756).
CHARLTON, Robert Milledge, b. in Savannah, Ga.. 19 Jan., 1807 ; d. there, 18 Jan., 1854. He
was admitted to the bar, and was subsequently ap-
pointed U. S. district attorney by President Jackson.
In 1834 he was appointed, and afterward elected,
judge of the supreme court for the eastern district
of (jeorgia. He was U. S. senator in 1852-'3, and
was twice elected mayor of Savannah. In 1839 he
published a volume of poems, including those of a
deceased brother. The best known of his writings
was " Leaves from the Portfolio of a Georgia Law-
yer." He was distinguished as an orator.
CHARNISÉ, Aulnay de, Charles de Menou,
Seigneur d', French proprietor in Acadia, b. in
Vannes, France, in 1605; drowned 24 May, 1650.
In 1632 he accompanied Razilly, who had been
selected by the government to restore to France her
Acadian possessions. Razilly brought with him
forty families and settled at Le Have, on the southern
coast of the island, dispossessing a Scotchman
who was too weak to resist. In 1635 Charnisé
went as Razilly's lieutenant to Penobscot river
and despoiled the fort held by the Plymouth people.
He gave the men that had charge of the fort
their liberty, but bade them tell their people at the
English plantations that he would come the next
year and displace them as far south as the 40th
degree of north latitude. He then took full
possession of the place, and strengthened the defences.
The Plymouth people manned a vessel, and went
to Penobscot to drive out the French, whom they
found only eighteen in number, but strongly
intrenched. Charnisé permitted them to expend all
their ammunition, and then go home. In 1636
Razilly suddenly died, and, although his property
and territorial rights passed to the possession of
his brother Claude, Charnisé, being a relative,
gained control. He went immediately to Port
Royal, erected a new fort, removed the Le Have
colonists, and sent to France for twenty additional
families, making Port Royal the principal settlement
in Acadia, which at that time embraced not
only Nova Scotia, but a portion of New Brunswick,
extending as far west as the Penobscot. At the
mouth of the St. John was a fort commanded by
Le Tour, who held a commission precisely similar
to Charnisé's. Accusations and complaints were
preferred, and Charnisé, by reason of superior
advantages at court, obtained an order from the
king, 13 Feb., 1641, for arresting Le Tour and
sending him to France. But the military forces of
the two rivals were almost equal. Charnisé could
not dispossess Le Tour, and was obliged to send
back the ship that brought the order, with Le
Tour's refusal instead of his body. In the early
winter of 1641 Charnisé returned to France to
obtain additional power, and Le Tour sought the
aid of his New England neighbors. As a result of
negotiations with the New England governor, a
body of Boston merchants made a visit to Fort La
Tour for purposes of trade, and while at sea, on
their return, met Charnisé himself, who informed
them that Le Tour was a rebel, and showed them
a confirmation of the order issued the year before
for his arrest. With 500 men in armed ships,
Charnisé laid siege to Fort La Tour; but aid came
from New England, and he was driven away. At
a later date, learning that Le Tour had taken a
journey to Quebec, he again laid siege to the fort;
but Madame La Tour, who had no more disposition
to yield than her husband, inspired the garrison
with her determined spirit, directed from the
bastions the cannonade on the enemy's ships, and
compelled Charnisé to retire. By the aid of a
treacherous sentry, he was enabled, on his third
attack, to enter the fort, but the resistance led by
Madame La Tour was so fierce that he proposed
terms of capitulation, pledging life and liberty to
all in the garrison. His terms being accepted, he
basely broke his faith, hanged every member of
the garrison, and compelled Madame La Tour to
witness the execution with a rope around her own
neck. The atrocities broke her heart, and she died
in a few days. Charnisé's booty was valued at
£10,000. He now had the whole of Acadia to
himself, and improvements were made, marshes were
diked, mills erected, and ship-building begun. In
1645 he went to France, and received honors from
the king. In 1647 a commission was issued making
him governor and lieutenant-general in Acadia.
Le Tour, immediately on his return from Quebec,
discovering the devastation made in his absence,
sailed for France, laid the facts before the court,
and not only secured a restoration of his title and
privileges, but was made Charnisé's successor. The
widow of Charnisé, with her children, was still
living in Acadia, and was alarmed at the turn
affairs had taken, and preparations offensive and
defensive were entered upon; but all hostilities
suddenly ceased. The leaders of the opposing
forces concluded to end their troubles by marriage,
24 Feb., 1653.
CHARTRES, Robert Philippe Louis Eugene Ferdinand. See Orleans.
CHASE, Ann, patriot, b. in Ireland in 1809; d. in Brooklyn, L. I., 24 Dec, 1874. She came to the United States in 1818, and acquired an excellent mercantile education while assisting her brother in his business. In 1832 she settled in
New Orleans, but during the following year removed to Tampico, Mexico, where she met Franklin Chase, U. S. consul at that place, whom she married in 1836. While the Mexican war was in