1857, which was sold at the John Tavlor Johnston sale in New York, 1876, for $12,500, to the Corcoran gallery, Washington. It was exhibited through- out the United States and Europe, and was awarded a medal of the second class at the Exposition uni- verselle, Paris, in 1867. Mr. Church has studios in New York and in Hudson, but generally spends his winters in Mexico. His principal works are "Andes of Ecuador " (1855) ; " Niagara " (1857) ; " Heart of the Andes " (1859) ; " Icebergs "' (1861) ; "Cotopaxi" (1862): "Chimborazo" (1864); "St. Thomas in tlie Vale, Jamaica " ; " Niagara, from the American Side" (1866); "Damascus" (1869); "Rainy Season in the Tropics"; "Jerusalem" (1870); "The Parthenon" (1871); "^1 Khasna Petra" (1872); "Tropical Moonlight" (1874); " ^gean Sea " ; " Valley of Santa Ysabel " (1875) ; " El Ayn " (1876) ; " Morning in the Tropics " (1877) ; " The Monastery " (1878) ; and " Valley of Santa Marta " (1879).
CHURCH, Frederick Stuart, painter, b. in
Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1842. He received his
art-education in the National academy and the
Chicago academy. He paints in oil and water-
color, and draws in black and white, and has fur-
nished many illustrations for books and periodi-
cals. He is a member of the National academy
(1885), and of the Society of American artists. Hi's
studio is in New York. His principal works are
" Sea Princess " ; " Back from the Beach " (1879) ;
" Muskrat's Nest " (1880) ; " Foggy Day " (1881) ;
" A Willing Captive " (1883) ; " Retaliation " (1884) ;
" Peacocks in the Snow " (1885) ; " The Sorceress " ;
and " Pegasus Captured " (1886).
CHURCH, Levi Ruggles, Canadian statesman,
b. in Aylmer, 26 May, 1836. He is a grandson of
Jonathan Mills Church, who, at the beginning of
the Revolutionary war, espoused the royalist side,
and was taken prisoner in 1777. Subsequently he
effected his escape to Canada, and ultimately set-
tled at Brockville. Levi Ruggles Church was edu-
cated at Victoria university, Cobourg, graduated
in medicine at Albany medical college, and at
McGiU university, where he took primary, final,
and thesis prizes. He afterward studied law, was
admitted to the bar of Lower Canada, and was ap-
pointed queen's counsel in 1874. On 22 Sept., 1874,
he was appointed a member of the executive coun-
cil of Lower Canada, and was attorney-general
from that date until transferred to the treasurer-
ship on 27 Jan., 1876. He held the latter office
until the ministry was dismissed by the lieutenant-
governor, Luc Letellier de St. Just, in 1878. Dur-
ing the summer of 1876 he visited England on
financial business, and successfully negotiated a
large provincial loan. He is a member of the law
firm of Fleming, Church & Kenney, Aylmer, and
is a conservative in politics.
CHURCH, Pharcellus, clergyman, b. in Sene-
ca, near Geneva, N. Y., 11 Aug., 1801; d. in Tarry-
town, N. Y., 5 June, 1886. He was graduated at
Madison university in 1824, where, in 1847, he re-
ceived the degree of D. D. After studying the-
ology, he was ordained and held pastorates in Provi-
dence, R. I., New Orleans, La., Rochester, N. Y.,
Boston, Mass., and elsewhere. He edited the " New
York Chronicle" from 1854 till 1865, and con-
tinued to the end of his life one of the proprietors
of the " Examiner," with which that paper was
consolidated. He went to Europe in 1846 as a
delegate to the Evangelical alliance, and resided
abroad for several years. After his retirement as
editor, he engaged in linguistic and other studies.
While at Rochester he originated the movement
that resulted in the establishment of Rochester
university, and otherwise was a conspicuous figure
in western New York. In Boston he was an asso-
ciate editor of the " Watchman and Reflector."
Until his death he was busy with literary work,
his efforts being directed more especially to the
promotion of Christian union. Dr. Church's pub-
lished works, besides many sermons and addresses,
were "Philosophy of Benevolence" (New York,
1836) ; a prize essay on " Religious Dissensions :
their Cause and Cure" (1838); "Antioch; or In-
ci'ease of Moral Power in the Church " (Boston,
1843) ; " Life of Theodosia Dean" (1851) ; " Maple-
ton; or More Work for the Maine Law" (1852);
and " Seed Truths ; or Bible Views of Mind, Morals,
and Religion " (New York and Edinburgh, 1871). —
His son, William Conant, publisher, b. in Roch-
ester, N. Y., 11 Aug., 1836, removed to Boston,
Mass., in 1848, and completed his education at the
Boston Latin-school in 1851. In 1853 he removed
to New York and engaged with his father in edit-
ing and publishing the " New York Chronicle,"
afterward merged with the " Examiner," in which
he retained a proprietary interest. He became the
publisher of the New York "Sun" in 1860, and
served as war correspondent of the New York
"Times" during 1861-'2, until his appointment,
on 4 Oct., 1862, as captain of U. S. volunteers. He
received the brevets of major and lieutenant-colonel
on 11 March, 1865. In 1882 he was appointed one
of the commissioners to inspect the Northern Pa-
cific railroad. In 1863, with his brother Francis,
he established the " Army and Navy Journal," of
which he is at present editor and proprietor, and
in 1 866 the " Galaxy " magazine. He has published
lives of John Ericsson and Gen. U. S. Grant. —
Another son, Francis Pharcellus, editor, b. in
Rochester, N. Y., 22 Feb., 1839, was graduated at
Columbia in 1859, and, after studying law, became
one of the editors and publishers of the " Army
and Navy Journal," and later, with his brother,
founded and edited the " Galaxy " magazine. He
is also a leading editorial writer for New York
daily journals. — Another son, John Adams, min-
ing engineer, b. in Rochester, N. Y., 5 April, 1843,
was graduated at the Columbia school of mines in
1867. The years 1868-'70 were spent in study in
Europe, and on his return he served as professor
of mineralogy and metallurgy p7'o tern, in the School
of mines, and as editor of the " Engineering and
Mining Journal " during 1872-4. In 1878, while
attached to the U. S. geographical and geological
survey west of the 100th meridian, he examined the
Comstock silver lode in Nevada (his result being
printed privately), and was elected professor of
mining and metallurgy in the State university of
Ohio, at Columbus, tie became superintendent
for the Tombstone mill and mining company at
Tombstone, Arizona, in 1881, and has since been
engaged as a mining engineer. He has published
" The Mining Schools of the United States " (a
pamphlet, New York, 1871); "Notes on a Metallurgical Journal in Europe" (1873); "The Comstock Lode " (1880) ; and " Report upon the Striking of Artesian Water, Sulphur Spring Valley,
Arizona " (published bv the territorv, 1883).
CHURCH, Sanford Elias, jurist, b. in Milford,
Otsego CO., N. Y., 18 April, 1815 ; d. in Albion, N.
Y., 14 May, 1880. He received an academic edu-
cation, studied law, and settled in Albion. In
1842 he was a member of the state assembly from
Orleans co., and from that time he was active in
the support of the democratic party. He was dis-
trict attorney for his county in 1846-'7, lieutenant-
governor in 1851-'5, comptroller of the state,
1858-'9, and a member of the State constitutional