left him at liberty, and, after hiding for some time in tlie woods, Dias rejoined the Portuguese army and gave them tidings of the fall of Arraial do Bom Jesus. On 9 July he distinguished himself again in a battle under the orders of Felippe Camarao. On 17 and 18 Feb., 1037, the negro captain, at the head of a company of eighty of his race, took again a prominent part in the battle of Porto Calvo. He was dangerously wounded in the left hand during the battle, and had it immediately amputated so as to retui'n to the fight without loss of time. On recommendation of the commander-in-chief, he was rewarded by the king of Spain and Portugal with kniglithood and the cross of the order of Christ, and was also appointed chief commander of all the colored troops. Prom 1G37 till 1G45 Dias distin- guished himself as a guerilla chief in the defence of San Salvador da Bahia, and in the repulse of the forces of Prince Maurice of Nassau. In 1G45 he deserted with his colored troops from Bahia to join the forces that had risen against Spanish rule. He passed through the districts of Sergipe and Sao Francisco, and in Alagoas roused the inhabitants to revolt, joining afterward the forces of Cardoso and Fernandez Vieira, who were at the head of the insurgents in the province. From 1645 till 1654 Dias took part in numerous engagements, and, wMle the other generals were absent for the conquest of Itamaraca, he commanded for some time the forces besieging Recife, and was again victorious in the two battles of Guararapes ; in fact, excepting the capitulation of Arraial do Bom Jesus, he was never defeated in twenty-one years of warfare. Yet, while the Portuguese government, after the expul- sion of the Dutch invaders and the independents from Spain, rewarded liberally all the chieftains of the war in the province of Pernambuco, Dias was forgotten, and died in poverty. But his name was given to a regiment, which has always been com- manded by a man of the negro race.
DIAS VIEIRA, Joao Pedro, Brazilian states-
man, b. in Guimaraes,30 March, 1820; d. 30 Oct., 1870.
He studied law at Maranhao, and was admitted to the
bar at Sao Paulo. In 1842 he was appointed district
attorney for the capital of his province ; but, as
he soon afterward entered politics in the liberal
party, at that time in the opposition, he had to re-
sign tliis otfice. In 1846, under a change of min-
istry, he was again appointed district attorney for
Itapicura-mirim, and elected soon afterward a
member of the provincial assembly of Maranhao,
where he distinguished himself by his moderation
and as an orator, and exercised great influence in
the government of the province. In 1852 he was
appointed attorney-general of the provincial treas-
ury, and, two years later, general director of public
lands of the province, and occupied, at the same
time, the chairs of philosophy, rhetoric, and geog-
raphy in the seminary of the bishopric. He was
appointed governor of the province of Amazonas
in 1855, and filled this place until 4 Jan., 1857,
when he was elected deputy to the Chamber of
representatives, and became in 1860 deputy-general
for his province. From 1858 he interested himself
in steam navigation on the rivers, and in the
chamber obtained the protection of the national
government for it. On 15 Jan., 1864, he was ap-
pointed minister of the navy, and on 15 March
minister for foreign affairs. A new ministry was
formed on 31 Aug", but only a few days passed be-
fore Dias Vieira was again called to take charge of
the portfolio of foreign affairs. The country was
involved in a foreign war, and Dias's activity was
so great that, within nine months, the nation,
which at the beginning of the war had not a single
ship, found itself in the possession of a powerful
fleet and a well-disciplined army. Dias Vieira was
rewarded with the title of imperial councillor and
other distinctions. He left no estate, and the gov-
ernnieiit gave his widow a pension of 2,200 milreis.
DIAZ, Alonso, Spanish soldier, b. in Seville,
Spain, early in the 16th century ; d. in Cuzco about
1556. He sought his fortune in the New World,
became son-in-law of the former governor of the
Isthmus of Panama, Pedrarias Davila, and was one
of the conquerors of Cuzco, where he settled. He
was distinguished for his gigantic strength, and is
said to have killed the Indian prisoners by suffo-
cating them in an embrace, so that the emperor,
Charles V., issued a decree forbidding such acts.
Diaz also suffocated one of the most famous Indian
wz"estlers in a trial of strength, and on one occa-
sion is said to have carried his war-horse on his
shoulders. In 1553 he was one of the principal
accomplices of Francisco Hernandez Giron against
Pizarro's successor. After the battle of Pucara,
Diaz surrendered in the royal camp, and was par-
doned by the judges of the Audiencia, as they were
unaware that Giron had already sought safety in
flight, fearing that he would be delivered to the
royal forces by his own followers. Diaz settled
again in Cuzco, but, as he continued his rebellious
attempts, he was made a prisoner by the mayor,
Bautista Mitnoz, and, together with several other
conspirators, was executed by the garrote, by order
of the viceroy. Marquis de Canete, and his estate
was confiscated. Several books and poems have
been written about the adventures of Alonso Diaz.
DIAZ CAMAROO, Antonio, explorer, b. at
the close of the 17th century. He was the first to
explore the province of Minas in Brazil. He was
commander of a party of explorers called " bandei-
ras," composed of the mestizos of Sao Paulo, and
examined that part of the country known as Villa
Rica, and discovered a great quantity of gold.
Thus was founded the city of Villa Rica, or, as it is
sometimes called, Ouro Preto (dark-coloi'ed gold).
DIAZ DEL CASTILLO. See Castillo.
DIAZ DE LUGO, Juan Bernardo (de-ath-da-
lu'-go), Spanish R. C. bishop, b. in Seville at the
clos'e of the 15th century ; d. in 1556. He was pro-
fessor in Salamanca of belles-lettres and the dead
languages. He was present at the council of Trent
and became bishop of Calahorra. He spent thir-
teen years in America. Of his works, the best-
known are "Practica criminal canonica" (Alcala,
1559); " Reglas de derecho " (1569); "Antidoto
contra la desesperacion " (Salamanca, 1553); " Ins-
truccion de Prelados " ; and " C-omentarios a Isaias."
DIAZ DE PINEDA, Gonzalo (de-ath-da-pe-na'-dah), Spanish soldier, h. in Torrelavega early in the 16th century ; d. in Peru in 1545. He went to Peru with Francisco Pizarro on his last expedition (1531), and in 1534 accompanied Sebastian Velalcazar in the conquest of what was afterward called the " New Kingdom of Granada." In 1535 he was sent by Velalcazar to explore the river
Magdalena, the upper course of which the expedition had reached, down to its mouth, and acquire information about the adjacent country. He entered the territory of the Indians called Quijos and Canelos, which he discovered in 1536, and his glowing description of the richness of these countries gave rise, some years later, to the unfortunate
expedition of Gonzalo Pizarro to Canelos and Amazonas. In 1539 Diaz was appointed governor of Quito, and, by order of the judge, Lorenzo Aldana, imprisoned and sent to Lima Diego Sandoval and Cristobal Daza, friends and followers of Velalcazar, who was in a revolt against Pizarro. In the
