delphia. The University of New York gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1853. Dr. Dickson wrote not only on professional but on literary and cur- rent topics, and added a graceful style to thorough- ness of learning. He published " Dengue ; its History, Pathology, and Treatment" (Philadel- phia, i826) ; " Manual of Pathology " ; " Practice of Medicine " (2 vols.. New York) ; " Essays on Pathology and Therapeutics " (2 vols., 1845) ;' " Es- says on liife, Sleep, Pain, etc. " (1852) ; " Elements of Medicine" (1855); and "Studies in Pathology and Therapeutics" (1867). He also contributed largely to medical and other current literature, and published many occasional essays and addresses, including an address before the Yale Phi Beta Kappa society in 1842, on the " Pursuit of Happi- ness," and a pamphlet on slavery, asserting the es- sential inferiority of the negro race (1845). — His daughter, Jeanie A., has contributed largely, in prose and verse, to current literature.
DICKSON, Thomas, capitalist, b. in Lauder,
Scotland, 26 March, 1822 ; d. in Morristown, N. J.,
31 July, 1884. He was the son of a Scottish ma-
chinist, and emigrated with his parents to Canada
in 1835. Afterward they settled in Carbondale,
Pa., where young Dickson teceived an indifferent
education, and at the age of thirteen had charge
of the horses and mules of the canal company. In
1838 he entered the employ of Charles T. Pierson
in Carbondale. This business passed through the
hands of several persons, including Joseph Benja-
min, whose partner he became in 1845. In 1852 he
turned his attention to iron manufacture, and pur-
chased an interest in a foundry and machine-shop.
Pour years later he established the Dickson Manu-
facturing company for the building of steam-en-
gines and the construction of mining machinery.
The corporation was very successful, and its capital
increased in twenty years from $30,000 to $1,350,-
000, and its business grew until it became one of the
most important locomotive works in the United
States. In 1860 he retired from this organization
and became superintendent of the coal department
of the Delaware and Hudson canal company. Four
years later he was made general superintendent of
the company, then vice-president, and president in
1869, which office he held continuously until his
death. During his connection with the company
its annual output of coal increased from 500,000 to
over 4,000,000 tons. Its mining operations were
gradually extended over an area of forty-four
miles, and it acquired control of an extensive rail-
road system. In 1873 Mr. Dickson organized a
company for the purchase of a large tract of iron
land on the shores of Lake Champlain. Furnaces
were erected, and the best quality of pig-iron and
Bessemer metal was produced. Besides controlling
the affairs of these corporations, he was a director
in twenty other companies. His home was in Scran-
ton, where he gathered a large collection of books
and fine paintings, and was known as a liberal
donor to various charities.
DIDIER, Franklin James (dy'-deer), author,
b. in Baltimore, Md., in 1794; d. there in 1840.
He became a physician in Baltimore, and was a
frequent contributor to the periodicals of his time.
In 1831 he published a paper foretelling a civil
war between the northern and sotithern states,
caused by the slavery question. Dr. Didier was
the author of " Didier's Letters from Paris " (New
York, 1821), and " Franklin's Letters to his Kins-
folk " (Philadelphia, 1822). — His son, Eng'ene
Lemoine, author, b. in Baltimore, Md., 22 Dec,
1838, spent several years at Loyola college, but was
not graduated. After five more years of private
study he began a mercantile career, but gave it
up to devote himself to literature. In 1867 he
founded in Baltimore a weekly journal entitled
"Southern Society," and in 1869-70 was deputy
marshal of the U. S. supreme court, being specially
detailed to act as secretary to Chief-Justice Chase.
He has written much over the signatures " Le-
moine" and " Timon." As a critic, his style is
aggressive and fearless. He has published " Life
of Edgar A. Poe" (New York, 1876); "Life and
Letters of Madame Bonaparte " (1879 ; republished
in London, and translated into French and Italian) ;
and a " Primer of Criticism " (18S3).
DIEGO Y MORENO, Francisco Garcia, Mexican II. C. bishop, b. in Lagos, Mexico, about 1800 ;
d. in Santa Barbara, Cal., in 1846. He received
his early education in the seminary of, Guadalajara,
and finished his ecclesiastical studies in the Apos-
tolic college of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Zacatecas.
He joined the order of St. Francis, and was or-
dained in 1824. In 1832 he was appointed prefect
of the missions for the conversion of the Indians
in California, and set out for the post assigned him
with ten Franciscans ; but, owing to the difficulties
of the journey, did not reach the missions till 1833.
He divided his fellow-laborers among the Indians,
while he himself made Santa Clara the centre of
his labors, and endeavored to protect the Indians
from the rapacity of the Mexican governors. The
passing of a law in 1834, which went into operation
in 1837, for the secularization of the missions, ren-
dered his efforts unavailing. He made a journey
to the city of Mexico, and procured an order for
the restoration of the mission to the church ; but
this change of policy came too late to restore pros-
perity to the Indians, many of whom had lapsed
into barbarism. He was about to return to Cali-
fornia when he received tidings that he had been
nominated bishop of California. He was conse-
crated in 1840, reached San Diego in 1841, and
found his diocese in a state of desolation. The
Indian population was reduced from 30,000 to
4,500, and these scattered and demoralized, while
the flocks and herds had disappeared and agricult-
ure was ruined. He restored some of the missions
and erected a seminary at Santa Ines, and his pas-
sionate appeals to the government of Mexico in
behalf of the Indians were sometimes effective, but
his health was destroyed by his incessant labors.
DIELMAN, Frederick, artist, b. in Hanover,
Germany, 25 Dec., 1847. He came to this country
when a child, was graduated at Calvert college,
Baltimore, Md., in 1864, and in 1866-'72 served as
a topographer and draughtsman of U. S. engineers
in Fortress Monroe and Baltimore, and in the survey
of canal-routes over the Alleghanies of
Virginia. He then studied art under Diez in the Royal
academy, Munich, gaining a medal in the life class,
and afterward opened a studio in New York city,
taking a prominent place as a genre painter and
illustrator of books and magazines. He has
contributed largely to editions de luxe of Longfellow,
Hawthorne, George Eliot, and other writers, and
to the various publications of the Tile club, of
which he is a member. Mr. Dielman was one of
the original members of the Society of American
artists, was made a National academician in 1883,
and is also a member of the American water-color
society, the New York etching club, and the
Salmagundi sketch club. Among his pictures shown
at National academy exhibitions are “The Patrician
Lady” (1877); “Young Gamblers” (1885); and
a “Head” (1886). One of the best known of his
illustrations is that entitled “A Girl I Know,”
which has been engraved by Cole.
