1864, but subsequently acted with the Democratic party. Mr. Dougherty's lectures on " The Stage," and " Orators and Oratory," have been much ad- mired. Among his noteworthy addresses is one delivered before the literary societies of Lafayette college, which was quoted and commented on by Lord Lytton in the house of commons (1859). He made the speech of welcome to President Lincoln at the Philadelphia union league in January, 1864, and the speech nominating Gen. Hancock for the presidencv in the Democratic convention of 1880.
DOUGHTY, Thomas, artist, b. in Philadel-
phia, Pa., 19 July, 1793; d. in New York city, 24
July, 1856. He was apprenticed in his youth to a
leather manufacturer, and afterward carried on the
business in his own name. He painted in his lei-
sure momenis, without a master, and had received
a quarter's tuition in India-inlj drawing, when a
growing taste for art induced him to adopt it as a
profession about 1820. He painted for many years
in the United States, and afterward in London and
Paris, acquiring a high reputation by his paintings
of American scenery. He was one of the earliest
American artists to make evident the charm of
what is called the " silvery tone," and to reproduce
autumnal effects with genuine grace and emphasis.
His works include " A Peep at the Catskills " ;
"View on the Hudson"; "Lake Scene"; "Old
Mill " ; " Delaware Water-Gap " ; " Scene on the
Susquehanna"; and "A View near Paris."
DOUGHTY, William Henry, surgeon, b. in
Augusta, Ga., 5 Feb., 1836. He received an aca-
demical education in Augusta, was graduated at
the medical department of the University of Geor-
gia in 1855, and in the same year began practice in
Augusta, giving especial attention to gynecology.
Prom March, 1862, till April, 1865, he served as a
surgeon in the Confederate army, being exclusive-
ly employed in hospital duty. He was surgeon-in-
charge in the general hospital at Macon, Ga., in
Walker's division hospital at Lauderdale Springs,
Miss., and at the second Georgia hospital at Augus-
ta, where he was engaged from October, 1863, till
the close of the war. In the course of this long
service he tied the subclavian artery at its external
third twice, which operations have passed into the
permanent records of military surgery. From 1867
till 1875 he three times held the professorship of
materia medica and therapeutics in the medical
college of Georgia (now the medical department of
the State university). He is a member of numer-
ous medical and health associations, and in 1887
was made a member of the international medical
congress. His contributions to medical journals
have been numerous, and embrace a wide range of
subjects, professional and otherwise.
DOUGLAS, Amanda Minnie, author, b. in
New York city, 14 July, 1838. She was educated
at the city institute in New York, removed to
Newark, N. J., in 1853, and afterward read Eng-
lish literature, history, and various other branches
with a private tutor. In early childhood she had
the gift of narration, and amused the neighboring
children with stories that would be continued for
weeks. At eighteen years of age she was about be-
ginning the study of designing and engraving,
when illness in the family prevented. For a num-
ber of years she was chiefly devoted to nursing the
sick, and while at the bedside gave her leisure mo-
ments to writing. She participated in planning
several inventions, patenting one herself, a folding
frame for a mosquito-net, to be used by travellers,
artists, and others. Of her early efforts in writing
she says : " I had no thought of becoming a novel-
ist, as I was so interested in other pursuits ; but
this path seemed to open, and others proved quite
impossible, as I could not leave my home." She
has lived in comparative retirement since child-
hood, in Newark, N. J., and its suburbs, and is au-
thor of the following stories : " In Trust " (Boston,
1866) ; " Claudia " (1867) ; " Stephen Dane " (1867) ;
"Sydnie Adriance" (1868); "With Fate Against
Him" (New York, 1870); " Kathie's Stories for
Young People " (6 vols.. Boston, 1870-'l) ; " Lucia ;
Her Problem " (New York. 1871) : " Santa Claus
Land" (Boston, 1873j ; "Home Nook" (1873);
" The Old Woman who Lived in a Shoe " (1874) ;
" Seven Daughters " (1874) ; " Nelly Kinnard's
Kingdom " (1876) ; " From Hand to Mouth " (1877) ;
"Hope Mills" (1879); "Lost in a Great City"
(1880) ; " Whom Kathie Married " (1883) ; " Floyd
Grandon's Honor" (1883); "Out of the Wreck"
(1884); "A Woman's Inheritance (1885); "Foes
of Her Household" (1886).
DOUGLAS, Sir Charles, British naval officer,
b. in Scotland ; d. in 1789. After being for some
time in the service of Holland he entered the Brit-
ish navy, and at the beginning of the American
war had command of the squadron destined for the
Gulf of St. Lawrence. In the spring of 1776 he
forced his way up that river, through fields of
drifting ice, and for the timely relief of his coun-
trymen at Quebec received honors and promotion.
In 1787 he was created a rear-admiral. Sir Charles
introduced the mode of firing guns on board ships
by means of locks instead of matches. — His son,
Sir Howard, soldier, b. in Gosport, England, 1
July, 1776; d. in England, 8 Nov., 1861, entered
the British army early in life, and served in Portu-
gal and Spain in 1808-'12. He was appointed
governor of New Brunswick in 1823, and remained
there until 1829. During his term of office he con-
structed military roads, established schools, and
displayed a deep interest in the Presbyterian
church and collegiate instruction. He was, in fact,
the energetic promoter of the material, education-
al, and religious interests of the province. On his
return to England he was made lord high commis-
sioner of the Ionian Islands (1835-'40), and repre-
sented Liverpool in parliament from 1842 till 1847.
He was promoted to the rank of general in 1851.
His scientific attainments were large, and his
"Treatise on Naval Gunnery" (1819), which was
approved by tlie admiralty, is considered an au-
thority. He was also the author of an " Essay on
Military Bridges" (1816), and other works on for-
tifications and gunnery.
DOUGLAS, David, botanist, b. at Scone. Perthshire, Scotland, in 1798; d. in the Hawaiian Islands, 12 July, 1834. He was employed in the botanic garden of the University of Glasgow, where he attracted the notice of Dr. (afterward Sir William) Hooker, who procured for him an appointment as botanical collector in the United States to
the Horticultural society of London. In this capacity he travelled extensively in America, extending his researches in 1824 as far as Oregon and California, exploring Columbia river and parts of California, and in 1827 traversing the continent from Fort Vancouver to Hudson bay, where he
met Sir John Franklin, and returned with him to England, having many valuable acquisitions for English flower-gardens. After a second visit, when on a similar mission to Columbia river in 1829, he went to the Hawaiian Islands, where he was killed in 1834. Through his agency 217 new
species of plants were introduced into England, and he collected 800 specimens of the California flora. A gigantic species of pine, which he discovered in California, is named Finns Douglassii.
