LL. D. At the request of the board of Greenwood cemetery, his remains were removed there, and an imposing monument raised to his memory on one of the heights nearest the entrance to the cemetery.
DOUGLASS, Frederick, orator, b. in Tuckahoe,
near Eastern, Talbot co., Md., in February,
1817; d. in Washington, D. C., 20 Feb.. 1895. His
mother was a negro slave, and his father a white
man. He was a slave, until at the age of ten he
was sent to Baltimore to live with a relative of his
master. He learned to read and write from one
of his master's relatives, to whom he was lent when
about nine years of age. His owner allowed him
later to hire his own time for three dollars a week,
and he was employed in a ship-yard, and, in
accordance with a resolution long entertained, fled
from Baltimore and from slavery, 3 Sept., 1838.
He made his way to New York, and thence to New
Bedford, Mass., where he married and lived for two
or three years, supporting himself by day-labor on
the wharves and in various workshops. While
there he changed his name from Lloyd to Douglass.
He was aided in his efforts for self-education by
William Lloyd Garrison. In the summer of 1841
he attended an anti-slavery convention at
Nantucket, find made a speech, which was so well
received that he was
offered the agency
of the
Massachusetts
anti-slavery society.
In this capacity
he travelled and
lectured through
the New England
states for four
years. Large
audiences were
attracted by his
graphic descriptions
of slavery
and his eloquent
appeals. In 1845
he went to
Europe, and
lectured on slavery
to enthusiastic
audiences in nearly
all the large towns of England, Ireland, Scotland,
and Wales. In 1846 his friends in England
contributed $750 to have him manumitted in due
form of law. He remained two years in Great
Britain, and in 1847 began at Rochester, N. Y., the
publication of “Frederick Douglass's Paper,”
whose title was changed to “The North Star,” a
weekly journal, which he continued for some years.
His supposed implication in the John Brown raid
in 1859 led Gov. Wise, of Virginia, to make a
requisition for his arrest upon the governor of Michigan,
where he then was, and in consequence of this Mr.
Douglass went to England, and remained six or
eight months. He then returned to Rochester,
and continued the publication of his paper. When
the civil war began in 1861 he urged upon President
Lincoln the employment of colored troops
and the proclamation of emancipation. In 1863,
when permission was given to employ such troops,
he assisted in enlisting men to fill colored
regiments, especially the 54th and 55th Massachusetts.
After the abolition of slavery he discontinued his
paper and applied himself to the preparation and
delivery of lectures before lyceums. In September,
1870, he became editor of the “New National
Era” in Washington, which was continued by his
sons, Lewis and Frederick. In 1871 he was
appointed
assistant secretary to the commission to
Santo Domingo; and on his return President
Grant appointed him one of the territorial council
of the District of Columbia. In 1872 he was elected
presidential elector at large for the state of New
York, and was appointed to carry the electoral
vote of the state to Washington. In 1876 he was
appointed U. S. marshal for the District of Columbia,
which office he retained till 1881, after which
he became recorder of deeds in the District, from
which office he was removed by President Cleveland
in 1886. In the autumn of 1886 he revisited
England, to inform the friends he had made as
a fugitive slave of the progress of the African
race in the United States, with the intention of
spending the winter on the continent and the
following summer in the United Kingdom. His
published works are entitled “Narrative of my
Experience in Slavery” (Boston, 1844); “My Bondage
and my Freedom” (Rochester, 1855); and “Life and
Times of Frederick Douglass” (Hartford, 1881).
DOUGLASS, Margaret Crittenden, educator,
b. in Washington, D. C. She removed at an
early age to Charleston, S. C., where she married,
and in 1845 to Norfolk. Va. She opened a school
for the instruction of colored children, but it was
broken up by the authorities in 1853, and she
herself was imprisoned for a month in the common
jail. She published a “Personal Narrative,” relating
her experiences (Boston, 1854).
DOUGLASS, William, physician, b. in East
Lothian, Scotland, about 1691 ; d. in Boston, Mass.,
21 Oct., 1752. He came to this country in 1716.
an-d settled in Boston in 1718. Although a skilful
practitioner, he violently opposed inoculation for
the prevention of small-pox. His prejudices were
strong, and his language freqtiently intemperate.
He wrote much on medical and political subjects,
and proposed " a stamp duty upon all instruments
used in law affairs " for revenue, but the suggestion
lacked novelty. A town in- Worcester county,
Mass., of which he was the principal owner and
benefactor, bears his name. His " Summary, or
Historical Account of the British Settlements "
(1748-53, left incomplete at his death) is inaccu-
rate, and records his private grievances as well as
public affairs. He printed an almanac (1743-'4),
entitled " Mercurius Novanglicanus." which is still
valued for its chronology. Adam Smith called him
" the honest and downright Dr. Douglass." He
also wrote treatises on " Small-pox (1722-'30) ; •' A
Practical History of a New Eruptive Miliary Fever
which Prevailed in Boston in 1735-"6 " ; and a work
on "Midwifery."
DOUTRELEAU, Gabriel, clergyman, b. in
France about 1700. H e was a missionary among the
Indians, and in December, 1729, was compelled to
go to New Orleans on business connected with his
mission. He debarked at the mouth of the Yazoo
in order to say mass, and while he was making
preparations, a party of Indians approached the
canoe and said they were Yazoos, friends of the
French. Ignorant of the state of the country, the
French were off their guard, and the only two that
had their guns loaded fired at a flock of birds that
flew past just as the missionary was beginning
mass. This prevented them from reloading, all
which was carefully observed by the Indians, and,
although pagans, they knelt down behind the
French. Just as Doutreleau intoned the Kyrie,
the Indians fired, wounding him in both arms and
killing one of his companions. Believing that he
was now to die. he knelt and awaited the death-
blow. The Indians did not rush on him, however,
as he expected, but fired three times more at him.
