in 1854, and remained there studying chemistry and anatomy till the following year, when he went to the University of Pennsylvania and studied medicine. He went to Berlin in 1856 to be treated for failing eyesight, and after obtaining relief studied physics and chemistry there and in Liebig's laboratory in Munich, finally receiving the degree of Ph. D. at the University of Giessen, Hesse. In 1858 he began to practise medicine at Detroit, still continuing his chemical investigations and giving special attention to toxicology and medical jurisprudence. He soon became known as an analytical chemist, and has been frequently called upon to testify in the courts as an expert. For three months he worked with his friend Prof. George DragondorfE in the laboratory of the Im- perial university of Russia, at Dorpat, and is now (1887) engaged in writing a work describing his investigations there. Dr. Duffield arranged the chemical laboratory for the Detroit medical college, and delivered the opening address there in 1808. He read a paper at the Detroit meeting of the American pharmaceutical association, on the " Relation of Hypodermic Injections to Toxi- cology," and is the author of numerous medical papers, including " Ventilation of Sewers " ; " Con- tamination of Drinking Water " ; " Analysis of Malt by Polarization " ; and " Aconite Poisoning." He has also delivered an address upon the " Re- ligion of Christ versus the Religion of the Scien- tists," before the Young Men's Christian Association in Detroit, Mich. — Another son, Henry Martin, lawyer, b. in Detroit, Mich., 15 May, 1842, was graduated at Williams in 1861, and enlisted in that year in the 9th Michigan infantry. He was promoted to be adjutant of his regiment and assistant adjutant of U. S. troops in Kentucky in 1862. In 1863 he was made post-adjutant of Chattanooga, and was wounded in the battle of Chiekamauga while serving on the staff of Gen. Thomas. From that date until the close of the war he was assistant provost-marshal-general of the Army of the Cumberland on Gen. Thomas's staff. He was the orator on the occasion of the unveil- ing of the Garfield statue in Washington, in May, 1887. He was an unsuccessful Republican candi- date for congress in 1870, and has been corporation counsel for Detroit since 1876. He is also presi- dent of the state military board of Michigan. — Samuel Willoiig'hby, clergyman, son of the fourth George, b. in Brooldvn. N. Y., in 1843 ; d. in Bloomfield. X. J., 13 May, 1887, was graduated at Yale in 1863, and in 1866 entered the Presbyterian ministry. At his death he held a charge in Bloom- field, N". J. He contributed to " The "Evangelist " under the pen-name of " Anselmus." His publica- tions are " The Heavenly Land," in English verse, from the " De Contemptu Mundi " of Bernard de Morlaix (New York, 1868) ; " Warp and Woof " (1870); "English Hvmns, their Authors and His- tory " (1886) ; and " Latin Hymn-Writers " (1887).
DUFFIELD, John Thomas, clergyman, b. in
McCoimellsburg, Pa., 19 Feb., 1823. He is a de-
scendant of George Duffield, an early settler of
Pennsylvania. He was graduated at Princeton in
1841, and assumed charge of the mathematical de-
partment. Union academy, Philadelphia. He af-
terward studied in the Theological seminary at
Princeton, was appointed tutor of Greek in Prince-
ton college, and served as adjunct professor of
mathematics from 1847 till 1850. He was licensed
to preach in 1849, and in the following year was
elected stated supply of the 2d Pi'esbyterian church
of Princeton, and was ordained by the Presbytery
of New Brunswick in 1851. During the two years
that he had charge of that church, in connection
with his duties in college, he published the " Prince-
ton Pulpit," a volume containing a sermon by each
of the Presbyterian clergymen then residing in
Princeton. He was professor of mathematics in
Princeton from 1850 till 1871, and also professor of
mechanics from 1862 till 1871. He was chosen
moderator of the New Jersey synod in 1865. The
degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by Prince-
ton in 1872. His publications include a sermon on
the "Second Advent" (1866); a "History of the
Second Presbyterian Church of Princeton " ; and
review articles on " The Philosophy of Mathe-
matics " (1866) and " Evolution as it Respects Man
and the Bible " (1878).
DUGANNE, Augustine Joseph Hickey, author, b. in Boston, Mass., in 1823 ; d. in New York, 20 Oct., 1884. While quite young he wrote patriotic songs and poems, which were published in newspapers and became popular. These were collected and published in a volume entitled " Hand
Poems " (Boston, 1844), which had a large sale. He
was one of the founders of the American or
" know-nothing " party. During the civil war he
joined the 176th regiment of New York volunteers,
and was commissioned colonel. He was captured
by the Confederates and confined in a southern
prison. After the war he resumed editorial and
literary work, and became connected with the
" New' York Tribune." He delivered an oration
on the heroic succession at the Cooper institute
(5 April, 1867) on the second anniversary of the
death of Abraham Lincoln (New York, 1867). His
publications are " A Comprehensive Summary of
General Philosophy " (1845) ; " The Iron Harp "
(Philadelphia, 1847) ; " The Lydian Queen," a trag-
edv, produced at the Walnut street theatre, Phila-
delphia (1848) ; " MDCCCXLVIII, or the Year of
the People" (1849) ; "Parnassus in Pillory, a Sat-
ire, by Motley Manners, Esq." (New York, 1851) ;
" The Mission of Intellect," a poem read in New
York (1852) ; " Art's True Mission in America "
(New York, 1867) ; " The Gospel of Labor," a poem
read in New York (1854) ; " Poetical Works " (Phila-
delphia, 1856) ; " A Class-Book of Government and
Civil Society " (New York, 1859) ; " History of Gov-
ernments " (1861) ; " The Ring of Destiny, or the
Astrologer's Plot, a Tale of Ancient Davs " (Boston,
1861); "Utterances" (New York, 1864); "Camps
and Prisons; Twenty Months in the Department
of the Gulf " (New York. 1865) ; " Fighting Quakers
a True Story of the War for Our Union " (New
York, 1866) ; " Revised Leaves," a series of critiques
on contemporary authors, published in "Sartain's
Magazine," and papers upon a varietj^ of subjects,
under various pen-names, in magazines and jour-
nals. His last production was a satire on Robert
G. IngersoU, entitled " Injure Soul."
DUGAS, Louis Alexander, physician, b. in Washington, Ga., 3 Jan., 1806. His parents were of French ancestry, and emigrated from Santo Domingo, W. I. He was educated at home, studied medicine with Dr. John Dent, and in 1827 was
graduated at the medical department of the University of Maryland. After attending lectures in Baltimore and Philadelphia, and spending several years in study in Europe, he settled in Augusta, Ga., in 1831. In 1832 he united with five others in founding the Medical college of Georgia, in which he still holds the professorship of surgery. In 1869 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by the University of Georgia. For many years he was president of the Medical society of Augusta, and he has been president of the Medical association of Georgia. During the civil war he was vol-
