ECCLES, Henry, Canadian lawyer, b. in Bath, England, in 1817: d. in Toronto, 22 Nov., 1868. He was educated in Canada by his father, a retired British officer, studied law, and was called to the bar in 1842. He was elected a bencher of the Law society in 1853, and appointed queen's counsel in 1850. He became very prominent in his profession, was noted for the clearness and simplicity of his style, and was also famous for his power of extort- ing the truth from witnesses.
ECCLESON. Samuel, R. C. archbishop, b. in
Kent county, Md., in 1801 ; d. in Georgetown, D.
€., in 1851. He entered St. Mary's college, Balti-
more, and while there became a Roman Catholic.
Pursuing his studies in the theological seminary
there, he was ordained in 1825, and afterward
took a course in the Ecclesiastical college of Issy,
near Pai'is. On his return he successively filled
the offices of vice-president and president of St.
Mary's college. In 1834 he was consecrated coad-
jutor archbishop of Baltimore, and succeeded Arch-
bishop Whitfield in the same year. Several new
academies for the education of girls were built un-
der his care and placed in charge of the nuns of
the Visitation, and the Christian Brothers estab-
lished a novitiate and training-school of their or-
der under his auspices. Parochial schools were
multiplied and placed under the care of the Broth-
ers of St. Patrick, and German parishes were or-
ganized under the direction of the Redemptorists.
l)r. Eccleson founded the College of St. Charles in
1850, and shortly afterward introduced the Lazar-
ists into his diocese. He presided over five pro-
vincial councils, and took the initiative in impor-
tant legislation, including the law passed by the
council of 1840, providing for the transmission of
church property from a bishop to his successor,
and that of 1843, excommunicating Roman Catho-
lics who should marry after being divorced by the
state. During the exile of Pius IX. in 1849 he
was invited by Archbishop Eccleson to visit Balti-
timore and preside over the provincial council.
ECHAVE, Baltasar de (ay-chah'-vay), Spanish-
Mexican artist, b. in Zumaya, Guipuzcoa, Spain, in
the latter part of the 10th century ; d. in Mexico
about the middle of the 17th century. He is gen-
erally called Echave the elder, as there was another
painter of the same name, supposed to have been
his son. He came, when very young, to the 'New
World, and, although he had probably begun his
artistic studies in Spain, he finished them in Mexico.
In the " Profesa " church of Mexico there are several
excellent paintings of his, including " Saint Isa,bel
of Portugal," but his best paintings are in the Na-
tional academy of San Carlos. Among these last,
which recall the manner of Guercino, are " The
Visitation," " The Adoration of the Three Magi-
cians," and the " Adoration in the Garden." The
latter has been compared by some artists to the
best productions of Overbeck, especially as re-
gards correct composition. In Santiago Tlaltelolco
there were fifteen altar panels on wood by him,
dated 1008, some of them very good, but far infe-
rior to those at the Profesa. He also painted some
smaller pictures, the best representing the conver-
sation of Saint Antonio Abad with Saint Paul, the
first hermit, which, besides the merits of the larger
paintings, has an extraordinary delicacy of execu-
tion. AH his works are more notable for correct-
ness of design than for richness of color, but gen-
erally his later works, painted in 1020-'30, at'e far
superior to his earlier pictures, dated from 1003 to
1019. Echave was also notable as a philologist
and author. His best-known work is a treatise on
the origin of the Biseayan language, " Antigliedad
de la lengua de Cantabria," which has been favor-
ably noticed by the learned Larrumendi and As-
tarloa (Mexico, 1697).
ECHEANDIA, Manuel (ay-chay-an-de'-ah).
South American statesman, b. in Guaranda, Ecua-
dor, in 1783 ; d. in Caracas, Venezuela, in 1850. He
went to Spain in 1789 and entered the College of
Vergara. He became clerk in the royal treasury
at Caracas in 1800, and by successive promotions
rose to chief clerk in 1810, but resigned in that
year to join the revolutionists. Pie served the re-
public in many important positions till 1814,
when he was comptroller of the treasury. The dis-
asters of that year obliged him to emigrate with
the army, and he served in the battles which fol-
lowed. He became captain of the guard of Carta-
gena, and afterward adjutant-major. In 1815 the
republicans were obliged to surrender Cartagena,
and Echeandia went to the "West Indies to join
the expedition preparing to invade Venezuela. He
arrived too late, but followed with supplies in 1810.
Hearing of the disasters which had befallen the in-
vaders, he stopped at the island of Curazao, where
he suffered from a long sickness and the privations
of extreme poverty, the Spaniards having confis-
cated his possessions in Venezuela. He rejoined
the republican army in Guayana in 1818, was made
commissary-general, and accompanied the army of
Bolivar in the victorious campaign of 1819, becom-
ing quartermaster and afterward colonel. He took
an active part in the organization of the treasury
of Venezuela in 1830, and in the passage of fiscal
laws. In 1842 the government accorded him a
pension in consideration of his important services,
ECHENIQUE, Jose Rufino (ay-chay-ne'-kay), Peruvian soldier, b. in Puno, Peru, 8 Feb., 1808; d, in Arequipa, 18 Oct., 1879. He entered the Peruvian army as a cadet in 1821, took part in the campaign of Intermedios in 1823, and fought at the battle of Cochabamba, where he was taken prisoner and sent to the island of Esteves, in Lake Titicaca. After the battle of Ayacucho, 9 Dec, 1824, he was set at libei'ty, rejoined his battalion, and in daily battles contributed to the pacification of Punas de Iquicha, which was held by the royalists. He twice fought against the fortresses of Callao, which rebelled on 14 Nov., 1830, and on 15 Jan., 1831, he retreated to the Andes and occupied Cerro Pasco. In March of the same year Echenique fought at Junin against Gen. Miller, and on 30 Jan. defended the bridge of Jobero with fourteen followers against 100 men under the same general. He was promoted colonel on 30 April, 1832. When Gen. Santa Cruz occupied Peru in 1835, Echenique refused to join him ; but in 1840, during the administration of Vivanco. he again entered the army, and was appointed commander-in-chief of Lima. In that year the civil war was devastating the country, and Echenique left Lima at the head of a small army, with which he occupied Junin and Ayacucho, and later, together with Gen. Castillo, checked the second revolution headed by Domingo Elias, whom they forced to submit. On 14 Dec, 1846, Echenique was promoted general. He was elected deputy, senator, and counsellor of state, and from 1840 till 1851 was vice-president of the republic. He was elected president in 1852. During his administration he fostered the material as well as the moral progress and development of his country. In 1853 he established the navigation of the upper Amazon, which proved beneficial to the towns along its course. In 1854, Elias and Castillo revolted against him, and he was defeated in the struggle that followed, afterward going abroad, where he remained for seven years. He returned
