periodically for many years. In 1804 he undertook, in conjunction with several friends, a literary periodical, the precursor of “The North American Review,” entitled “The Monthly Anthology and Boston Review,” which was published until 1810, and enlisted some of the best talent in New England. Mr. Emerson's theological views were liberal, but he was always tolerant toward those who differed from him most widely. In addition to numerous sermons, he printed an “Oration Pronounced at Boston, 4 July, 1802”; a “Discourse before the Humane Society” (1807); and a “Selection of Psalms and Hymns” for use in churches (1808). After his death, his “History of the First Church in Boston,” with two sermons appended, was issued (1812).
EMERTON, James Heney, b. in Salem, Mass.,
in 1847. At the age of fifteen he began the study
of natural history in the museum of the Essex
institute in Salem, became assistant at the museum
of the Boston society of natural history in 1873-'4,
took charge of the Salem museum in 1879, and in
1880 became an assistant at the Yale college museum,
and also an assistant on the U. S. fish commission.
He stands at the head of natural history
artists in the United States, and has drawn the
illustrations for many scientific works, including
Packard's “Guide to the Study of Insects” and
most of Prof. Verrill's later publications. Mr.
Emerton is the author of “Notes and Additions to a
Second Edition of Hentz's Spiders of the United
States” (1875); “Structures and Habits of
Spiders” (1877); and “Life on the Seashore” (1880).
EMERY, Charles Edward, civil engineer, b.
in Aurora, N. Y., 29 March, 1838. He was
educated at the academy in Canandaigua, N. Y., and
early developed a taste for engineering. In July,
1861, he entered the U. S. navy as third assistant
engineer, and served on the “Richmond” during
engagements at Pensacola, the Mississippi river
passes, and finally under Farragut. In December,
1862, he was promoted to second assistant engineer,
and participated in the blockading of Charleston.
In December, 1867, he resigned, entered the
employ of the Novelty iron works in New York city,
and was general superintendent of the first fair of
the American institute in its permanent quarters.
In 1869 he engaged in business for himself, but
soon afterward became consulting engineer of the
U. S. coast survey and the U. S. revenue marine,
and had charge of the construction of the vessels
of the former service until its engineering department
was put in the hands of the navy. In
connection with chief-engineer Charles H. Loring, he
instituted a series of experiments to determine the
relative value of compound and non-compound
engines, and his results were published in scientific
journals at home and abroad. In 1879 he
was appointed engineer of the New York steam
company, and the entire plant of that company
was constructed from his designs, and is now
(1887) under his direction. The details were
entirely new, as the similar work that had been done
previously was on a small scale. He invented for
this work expansion-joints made with thin copper
corrugated diaphragms supported on backing
plates, and a meter for registering steam when
moving at a velocity of eighty feet a second and
upward, together with numerous devices for
overcoming difficulties encountered in the transmission
through the streets, generation in the building, and
the return of the water of condensation. Mr.
Emery has made several inventions in connection
with steam engines, and has conducted experiments
for the purpose of testing the practicability
of lining steam cylinders with non-conducting
materials. He is one of the non-resident professors
of Cornell university, and his lectures have been
published in the “Scientific American”
supplements. In 1879 he received the honorary degree
of Ph. D. from the University of New York. He
is the author of technical papers, principally
relating to steam engineering, most of which have
been contributed to the “Transactions” of the
American society of civil engineers, or those of
the American society of mechanical engineers, of
which organizations he is a member.
EMMERTON, James Arthur, genealogist, b.
in Salem, Mass., 28 Aug., 1834. He was graduated
at Harvard in 1855 and at the medical school in
1858, and then studied abroad for six months. He
served as soldier and surgeon in the civil war in
1861-'5, was assistant at the State lunatic asylum,
Utica, N. Y., in 1866-'7, and since then has "prac-
tised his profession. He has contributed papers to
the Essex institute historical collections, including
" Gleanings from English Records," and has pub-
lished " Deacon Richard Prince, of Salem, and
some of His Descendants " (Salem, 1877) ; " Genea-
logical Account of Henry Silsbee " (1880) : " Mate-
rials toward a Genealogy of the Emmerton Fami-
ly " (1881) ; " Eighteenth Century Baptisms in Sa-
lem, Mass." (1886); and "Record of the 23d
Massachusetts Regiment " (Boston, 1886).
EMMET, Thomas Addis, Irish patriot, b. in
Cork, Ireland, 24 April, 1764; d. in New York
city, 14 Nov., 1827. He was an elder brother of
the famous Irish patriot, Robert Emmet, who was
executed in Dublin in 1803. The father of the
Emmets was an eminent physician in Dublin.
Thomas was graduated at Trinity college, Dublin,
and studied medicine in Edinburgh university,
where he received his degree in 1784. After trav-
elling through Italy and Germany, and returning
to Dublin, he decided to adopt the legal profession,
for which he had always had a fondness. He
studied law in the Temple, London, for two years,
and in 1791 was admitted to the Dublin bar, of
which he soon became a prominent member. He
early became a leader of the " United Irishmen,"
an association whose object was to make Ireland
an independent republic, and was one of the com-
mittee whose duty it was to supervise all branches
of the society through the country. Disclosures
being made to the government, Emmet was appre-
hended by order
of the privy council in 1798, confined in Kilmainham jail, Dublin,
and, being promised his liberty,
made a full confession, but with-
out implicating
other persons, before a committee
of the Irish house
of commons a
few months later.
Notwithstanding
this, he was confined for two years and a half in Fort George,
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Scotland, but was liberated after the treaty of Amiens, and permitted to go to France with his wife, who had been with him in his imprisonment, both being forbidden to set foot again on Irish soil. Emmet spent the winter of 1802-"3
