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soon taking a prominent position in the profession. When Poughkeepsie received its charter, he was elected its first mayor, holding the office from April, 1854, to January, 1855, when he resigned to accept the office of justice of the New York supreme court for the second judicial district. He was appointed presiding judge of his district in 1802. and judge of the court of appeals in 1863, when his term closed. Pie then resumed the practice of law in Poughkeepsie, but removed to New York city in 1870. He was a vice-president of the Union League club and a warm support-

er of the Union

cause during the civil war, having taken a promi- nent part in organizing the first regiment sent from Dutchess county. He was one of the founders of the New York bar association, and a member of the committee of seventy, so largely instrumental in the overthrow of the Tweed ring in 1870. From 1862 till his death he was president of the Mer- chant's bank of Poughkeepsie. Judge Emott was considered by his associates a man of wide reading and lai'ge culture, thorough professional training, sound judgment, and masterly clearness in the exposition of the law. He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal church.

EMPARAN, Diego de (em-par'-an), Mexican author, b. in Puebla, Mexico, 5 April, 1718; d. in Ravenna, Italy, after 1807. He came of a noble and rich family, studied in the seminary of his native city, and in 1733 was sent to Rome to complete his education in the Jesuit college of the Trinity. He received consecration as priest in 1745, and soon published his first work, "Los Jesuitas y el Papa" (1746), which appeared at the same time in Latin, Spanish, and Italian, and was soon translated into English and French. In this work he attacked Louis XIV., and, on the demand of the French government for his punishment, he was confined in the ecclesiastical prison, where he remained for nearly five years. After his release he jiublished "La orden de los templarios y la de los jesuitas bajo el punto de vista historico ; Santiago de Mo- lay e Ignacio de Loyola" (Bologna, 1751), which attracted a censure from the holy office, and a sus- pension for a year of his functions as priest. But Emparan was not to be subdued, and soon issued "Los apostoles de sayal y los apostoles de tunica," containing a panegyric of the company of Jesus and a bitter critic of the princes of the church and their vices (1752). This time he had gone too far, and the clamors of the church dignitaries were so powerful that the pope deposed him from the priesthood and condemned him to perpetual im- prisonment in the fortress of San Angelo. His work was publicly burnt by the executioner, but one copy was saved, and exists to-day in the Na- tional academy of Mexico. Emparan finally re- ceived pardon through the intercession of his mother, and remained for some years in obscurity, but, unable to remain silent for a long time, pub- lished the most noteworthy of all his books, " Pita- goras, Empedocles y Zenon " (1760). This book also attracted the censure of the holy office, was put on the " Index expurgatorius," and its author inter- dicted ; but he, foreseeing his fate, had escaped to France and hid in Paris for several months, nearly reduced to absolute poverty. In 1761 another book, " Le Diable, les femmes, et Saint Bernard," caused him to be arrested and imprisoned in the Bastile. In 1762, thanks to the influence of Vol- taire, he was set at liberty, and acquainted with the principal philosophers and encyclopjedists of the 18J:h century living at the court. He soon became one of the leaders of the philosophy of that age, and for several years, together with Condorcet, was a contributor to different scientific reviews under the pen-name of " Zoroaster." He received a rich inheritance from his parents in 1790, and, after several years of foreign travel, settled in England in 1793. He removed again to Paris in 1795, and in 1806 made a voyage to Mexico, but Iturrigaray, at that time viceroy, considering Emparan's pres- ence in New Spain dangerous for the public order, expelled him, without consideration for his advanced age and infirmities. He then returned to Europe, and went to Bologna, and afterward to Ravenna, where he died. Emparan was an accomplished linguist, speaking and writing correctly Greek, Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, and English. His other works include " The Tombs of Mohammed and Christ "; " Voltaire and his School "; " Science and Superstition"; and "Religion and Hygiene" (London, 1794-'5) ; and " La Virgen India," pre- dicting the independence of Mexico (Bologna, 1807).

ENAMBUC, Pierre Vaudrosques Diel d', founder of F'rench colonies in the West Indies, b. in Dieppe in 1585 ; d. in 1636. He was a younger son, and became a captain in the French navy, but, wishing to better his fortune, he fitted out a small armed brig, and with about forty sailors sailed from Dieppe in the spring of 1625 for the West Indies. When opposite the Cayman islands he met and vanquished a Spanish ship of thirty- five guns, but was obliged to put into St. Chris- topher for repairs. Here he found some French settlers, and, after deciding to remain with them, was elected their chief. He subsequently defeated an attempt of the Indians to massacre all Euro- peans on the island, and, eight months after his arrival in St. Christopher, sailed for Europe, taking with him tobacco and mahogany. Cardinal Riche- lieu authorized D'Enambuc to found French colo- nies in all the Antilles from 11° to 18° north lati- tude, appointing him governor-general and lieuten- ant of the king. On 14 Feb., 1027, D'Enambuc and his second, Durossey. sailed again for the West Indies, taking with them 600 colonists. D'Enam- buc and his followers met with reverses, and Du- rossey was sent to France for assistance. But, as he returned without supplies, D'Enambuc went to France, and he brought back to St. Christoplier six royal ships and six transports, so that the English were defeated, but soon afterward the Spaniards landed in the island and destroyed the French possessions. Just then Durossey proposed to D'Enambuc to abandon St. Christopher, and to found a new colony at Antigua, and, although the latter was opposed to this venture, they sailed away, arriving at St. Martin after a voyage of three weeks. There Durossey left the expedi- tion and sailed for France, where he was impris- oned in the Bastile for abandoning his chief. Af- ter a short sojourn at Antigua, D'Enambuc re-