Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/43

He was elected to the general assembly in 1759, and in 1761 Mr. Cruger was a leading member of the committee on correspondence, and was asso- ciated in the drafting of me- morials to the king, the lords, and the com- mons, "relative to the dangers which threat- en the colonies to be taxed by laws to be passed in Great Britain." Again in 1769 he was sent to represent New York city in the last colo- nial assembly, and was unani- mously chosen speaker, which office he held until 1775. He

was the first

president of the New York chaml^er of commerce in 1768. In 1775, with thirteen othei- members of the assembly, he addressed a letter to Gen. Thomas Gage, urging " that no military force might land or be stationed in this province." During the Revolutionary war he retired to Kin- derhook, but, after peace was declared, returned to New York. — His brother, Henry, merchant, b. in 1702; d. in Bristol, England, 8 Feb., 1780, was a member of the assembly and council of New York, and settled as a merchant in Bristol, England, of which city he was mayor at the time of his death. — Henry, son of the preceding, politician, b. in New York in 1739; d. there, 34 April, 1827, established himself in trade, with his father, in Bristol, and succeeded him as mayor in 1781. He was elected to parliament as the colleague of Burke in 1774. and re-elected in 1784, and advocated on all occasions a conciliatory course toward his countrymen. He so severely retorted upon Col. Grant, who said, in par- liament, that the colonists would never dare to face an English army, that he was called to order by the speaker. After the war he became a merchant in New York, and was elected to the state senate while yet a member of parliament. — John Harris, broth- er of the preceding, British officer, b. in New York city in 1738; d. in London, 3 June, 1807, succeeded his father as a member of the New York city council, was its mayor in 1764, and at the beginning of the Revolution was its chamberlain. He was a son-in- law of Col. De Laneey, and commanded the 1st battalion of his loyalist corps. In June, 1780, he was captured at a plantation in Belfast, Ga., but was soon exchanged for Col. John Mcintosh. In September he made a forced march to Augusta, to relieve Col. Browne, and arrived most opportunely. He distinguished himself at the battle of Eutaw Springs, where his corps formed the British centre. His defence of Ninety-Six, when attacked by Greene in May, 1781, won great praise. His property was confiseate;l, and he went to England after the war.

CRUSE, Christian Frederic, clergyman, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 27 June, 1794 ; d. in New York city, 5 Oct., 1864. He was graduated at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in 1815, and after study- ing theology was ordained in the Protestant Epis- copal church by Bishop White, of Pennsylvania, in 1822. He acquired a high reputation for his knowl- edge of ancient languages. From 1831 till 1833 he was assistant professor in the University of Penn- sylvania, and also for a time professor in St. Paul's college, Minn. In 1847 he became rector of Trinity church in Fishkill, N. Y., where he remained until 1853, after which he became librarian in the Gen- eral theological seminary in New York. His trans- lation of Eusebius's " Ecclesiastical History " (New York ; reprinted in London, 1838) is considered the best English version.

CRUSE, Peter Hoffman, writer, b. in Balti- more, Md., in 1795 ; d. there, 7 Sept.. 1832. He was educated at Princeton, and studied law, but subse- quently devoted himself entirely to literary pur- suits. His contributions appeared principally in the reviews, and for ten years prior to his death he edited the " Baltimore American." During the years 1818-'9 he was associated with John P. Ken- nedy in the publication of "The Red Book," a fortnightly of local and temporary interest, which contained much playful satire by Kennedy, and some bright poetry by Cruse. He was noted as a brilliant conversationalist.

CRUTTENDEN, Daniel Henry, educator, b. in Galway, N. Y., 27 Feb., 1816; d. in Castleton, N. Y., 21 June, 1874. He was graduated at Union in 1841, and became principal of the school of the Mechanics' institute in New York city. He advo- cated methods of teaching that are now in general use. He published text-books, including a series of " Systematic Arithmetics " (New York, 1868); " The Philosophy of Language " (1870) ; and a " Rhetorical Grammar " (1872).

CRUZ, Juan Bautista Valerio de la (crooth), cacique and captain-general of the Chichimecas, b. in Texcoco, Mexico, about 1517; d. in the city of Mexico in 1572. He was a descendant of King Netzalhualcoyotl. When the Spaniards occupied Mexico he was baptized, and, entering the Spanish militia, was appointed ensign of the royal guards two years afterward. Antonio de Mendoza gave him command of 80 Spanish soldiers and 400 In- dian archers, and sent him to enlist volunteers and conquer the territories occupied by the Chichime- cas. When Mendoza left Mexico, in 1550, he ap- pointed Cruz cacique of all territories that he might conquer, and in 1559 Luis de Velasco advanced him to the rank of captain-general of the Chichimecas. Cruz gave the church and convent of Tula to the Franciscan friars in acknowledgment of their work in favor of the natives, and built the bridge of that city. Charles V. rewarded him with new privil- eges, and Cruz continued his services during the rest of his life. His remains were buried in the convent of Santiago Tlaltelolco of Mexico.

CRUZ, Rodrigo de la (crooth), soldier, b. in Marbella, Spain, 25 Dec, 1637; d. in Mexico, 2S Sept.. 1716. He went to Central America with his father, who had been appointed governor of Costa Rica, in 1656, and afterward succeeded him in that office. He accomplished the conquest of Talamanca, in which he spent a large portion of his private fortune, and the king of Spain rewarded him with the title of Marquis de Talamanca; but he soon entered the order founded by Father Betancourt in Guatemala, and succeeded him as superior, 2 Feb., 1668. He went to Peru, where he founded numerous hospitals, and obtained the incorporation of his order, 26 March, 1687. For this purpose he went to Rome and Madrid, where he remained for nine years, and on his return he founded new institutions and hospitals in Mexico and Peru. He wrote "Constituciones de la Religion Betlemitjca fundada en las Indias Occidentales" (Mexico, 1751).