CUMBERLAND, Frederic William, Canadian architect, b. in London, England, in 1820 ; d. in Toronto, 5 Aug., 1881. He was educated at the Collegiate school, Dublin, and subsequently at King's college, London. After completing his course, he was apprenticed to a civil engineer, was in 1844 appointed to the engineering department of the admiralty, and superintended the construc- tion of the dry docks and sea-walling at Chatham, and assisted Sir William Denison and Capt. James, R. E., during 1845-'7, in editing " The Professional Papers of the Corps of Royal Engineers." In 1847 he arrived in Toronto, Canada, and at once attained prominence as an architect and railway constructor. In 1852 he undertook the superin- tendence and construction of the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron railway (subsequently the Northern railway) to its terminus at Collingwood, on the Georgian bay, of which road he afterward became managing director. Having completed the con- struction, he resigned in 1854, and gave his atten- tion solely to architectural work. He designed the plans of St. James cathedral, the normal school, and Osgood hall, in Toronto, and that of the University of Toronto. The last named is said to be the finest specimen of Norman Gothic archi- tecture on this continent. In 18(51. at the time of the '• Trent " affair, he organized in Toronto the regiment now known as the Royal Grenadiers, be- came its first colonel, and retained the command until 1864, when he was appointed aide-de-camp to the governor-general, ceasing to be such by his resignation on the departure of Lord Dufferin. At the time of the Fenian raid in 1866 he had charge of the railway service. He represented Algoma district in the legislature of Ontario in 1807, and in 1871 in the dominion parliament.
CUMING, Sir Alexander, British officer, b.
about 1700. He was sent in 1730 by the English
government on a mission to the Creeks and Chero-
kees, the object of which was to counteract the
designs of the French, who were endeavoring to
win the friendship of those tribes, in pursuance of
a scheme for the annexation of the interior regions
in America lying between their colonies in Canada
and those at the mouth of the Mississippi.
CUMMING, Alexander, clergyman, b. in
Freehold, N. J., in 1726 ; d. in Boston, Mass., 25
Aug., 1763. He was a nephew of Rev. Samuel
Blair (see Blair), and received his education part-
ly under his uncle's direction. He was licensed
to preach by the "New. Side" presbytery of New-
castle in 1746. He was the first Presbyterian min-
ister that preached within the bounds of Tennessee.
He was ordained in 1750 as colleague of Rev. Mr.
Pemberton in New York, and in 1753 both pastors
requested a dismission on account of troubles in
the church in respect to matters of ecclesiastical
order. Mr. Cumming was relieved on 25 Oct., and
on 25 Feb., 1761, was installed as colleague pastor
with Dr. Sewall, of the Old South church, Boston,
where he remained until his death. He published
his installation sermon (1761), and "Animadversions
on Rev. Mr. Croswell's late Letter," etc. (1763).
CUMMING, Gilbert W., lawyer, b. in Delaware
county, N. Y., in 1817. He was apprenticed to a
carriage-maker, but spent his spare hours in study.
He began to study law in 1838, and became prom-
inent in his profession. During the anti-rent
troubles of 1845 he commanded n military regi-
ment, and succeeded in restoring quiet. He re-
moved, in 1853, to Janesville, Wis., and in 1858 to
Chicago. In September, 1861, he raised the 51st
Illinois regiment, and was appointed its colonel.
He was afterward assigrned to the command of a
brigade, and did good service at Island Number
Ten, New Madrid, and Corinth.
CUMMING, Kate, author, b. about 1835. She
is of Scottish descent, and has resided in Mobile,
Ala., since her childhood. During the civil war
she was with one of the Confederate armies, receiv-
ing the wounded and assisting in organizing the
field hospitals in the campaigns in Tennessee, Ken-
tucky, and Georgia, when the army was retreating.
Every evening she spent a few moments over her
diary, recording the incidents that had taken place
around her. She published " Hospital Life in the
Armv of Tennessee" (Louisville, Ky., 180C).
CUMMING, William, soldier, b. in Georgia
about 1790 ; d. in Augusta, Ga., in February, 1863.
He studied at the Litchfield, Conn., law-school, but
inherited a fortune and never practised. He was
appointed major in the 8th infantry on 25
March, 1813, and was wounded in the battle of
Chrysler's Field, 11 Nov. He was made adjutant-
general, with the rank of colonel, on 16 Feb., 1814,
being severely wounded at Lundy's Lane on 25
July, and resigning 31 March, 1815. He declined
the appointment of quartermaster-general, with
the rank of brigadier-general, in April, 1818, and
also that of major-general, tendered him by Presi-
dent Polk on 3 March, 1847. Col. Cumming was
a leader of the Union party in the nullification
struggle, and his quarrel with George McDuffie. of
South Carohna, on this issue was notorious. The
two men, attended by a long train of friends in
their own equipages, rushed from one point to
another in the attempt to find a place of meeting,
and loudly accused each other of betraying their
intentions to the officers of the law. They were
widely caricatured, and their actions were watched
with interest all over the country. They finally
succeeded in meeting twice, and exchanged three
shots, by one of which McDuffie was wounded in
the hip and lamed for life. — His brother, Alfred,
governor of Utah, b. about 1802 ; d. in Augusta, Ga.,
9 Oct., 1873, was a sutler during the Mexican war.
He had been superintendent of Indian affairs on
the upper Missouri, and in 1857 President Buchan-
an appointed him governor of Utah territory, and
sent him there with a force of 2,500 men to protect
him in the discharge of his functions, which con-
stituted the famous " Utah Expedition " of that
year. On 27 Nov. the governor issued a proclama-
tion declaring the territory to be in a state of
rebellion, and this document was sent to Salt Lake
City by a Mormon prisoner, accompanied by a letter
to Brigham Young, evincing a willingness to tem-
porize. The expedition went into winter quarters
at Camp Scott, on Black's Fork, and in March,
1858, Col. Thomas L. Kane arrived in the camp,
having been sent by the president as special envoy
to Brigham Young. The relations between Gov.
Cumming and Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, com-
mander of the expedition, had become somewhat
strained, and, soon after Col. Kane's arrival, that
gentleman, taking offence at a fancied slight, wrote
a challenge to Gen. Johnston with Gov. Cumming's
consent. During the spring difficulties constantly
arose, through a misunderstanding on Cunnning's
part, as to the power he possessed over the troops.
On 8 March Judge Cradlebaugh made requisition
for soldiers to protect his court, sitting at Provo,
during the trial of the Mormons indicted for
complicity in the Mountain Meadows massacre,
and they were furnished by Gen. Johnston, where-
upon Gov. Cumming protested against their use,
and on 27 March issued a proclamation denouncing
the general's action. The secretary of war after-
ward forbade Gen. Johnston to use troops for
