was colonel of the 31st Missouri regiment in the National army from 18(32 till 1864, when he became colonel of the 47th Missouri, and in that year was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers. In 1863 he was captured and taken to Libby prison. In 1865-9 he was governor of Missouri, and issued the proclamation abolishing slavery in that state. Gov. Fletcher was a delegate to the National Republican convention of 1860 and 1864. He was the first speaker in the first Republican convention held in a slave-state, and although his parents were slave- owners, he had been an ardent abolitionist since his boyhood. He has made many political speeches, most of which were published, but they have never been collected in book-form.
FLETCHER, William A., jurist, b. in Massa-
chusetts ; d. in Ann Arbor, Mich., about 1855. He
was engaged in mercantile affairs until he removed
to Michigan in 1820, when he studied law. For
many years he was one of the most successful law-
yers in Detroit, and became attorney-general of the
territory. On the adoption of the first state con-
stitution in 1835 he was appointed chief justice of
the supreme court, and was employed by the legis-
lature to prepare the first codification of the laws
of Michigan. In 1842 he retired from the bench
and resumed his law practice. He published " Re-
vised Statutes of Michigan " (Detroit, 1838).
FLETCHER, William Baldwin, physician, b.
in Indianapolis, Ind., 18 Aug., 1837. He was edu-
cated in the Lancaster academy in Massachusetts,
and, after graduating at the New York college of
])]iysicians and surgeons, began to practice in
Indianapdlis. During the war he served in vari-
ous cajjacities as scout and volunteer engineer,
and had charge of one department of secret ser-
vice. In July, 1861, he was captured by the Con-
federates, and imprisoned for nine months. Sub-
sequently he served on the medical staff in various
departments. He was a delegate to the session of
the American medical association held in Boston
in 1865. He represented Marion county in the
state senate in 1882-3, and since 1882 he has been
devoted to the investigation of cerebral circulation.
In 1883 he was appointed superintendent of Indi-
ana Hospital for the insane, and since that time
has published several pamphlets on the manage-
ment of the insane. Among his contributions to
medical journals are : " The Discovery of Various
Entozoa found in Pork"; "Human Entozoa";
" Report of Five Cases of Trichiniasis " ; and he
has published a monograph on the " History of
Asiatic Cholera" (Cincinnati, 1863).
FLEURIEU, Charles Pierre Claret, Comte
de, French naval officer, b. in Lvons, 22 Jan.,
1738 ; d. in Paris, 18 Aug., 1810. He entered the
navy at the age of thirteen years, and became a
lieutenant in 1759. The peace of 1763 gave him
occasion to apply himself to office work and study,
and he assisted the engineer Ferdinand Berthoud,
in 1766, in his invention of the marine watch or
chronometer. In 1768 he was appointed to the
command of the frigate " Isis " on an expedition
to experiment with the new instrument, sailing
from Aix in November of that year. He took ob-
servations at Martinique, Santo Domingo, Porto
Rico, Havana, Jamaica, Colon, and New Orleans,
and after touching at NewYork, Boston, and New-
foundland, returned to Aix on 11 Oct., 1769. The
results of this expedition were important to geog-
raphy, as he established the exact position of all
the points visited, and published them in his later
works. In 1776 Fleurieu was appointed inspector-
general of ports and navy-yards, and from 1778
till 1783 he elaborated all the plans for the naval
war against England, to assist the struggle tor the
independence of the United States. In 1790-'l he
was minister of the navy, and in 1793 was impris-
oned under the reign of terror, but was released in
1794, and under the directory was appointed to
the bureau of longitudes. He was a member of
the council of 500 in 1797, and in 1800 was called
by Bonaparte to the council of state. In 1805
he was minister plenipotentiary for the signature
of the treaty ceding Louisiana to the United
States, and on his return became intendant of the
imperial house, senator, in 1806 admiral, and in
1808 governor of the Tuilerics. His body was
buried in the Pantheon. His works are " Voyage
fait en 1768 et '69 pour eprouver en mer les hor-
loges marines" (2 vols., Paris, 1773); "Longitude
exacte des divers points des Antilles, et de I'Ame-
rique du Nord" (1773); "Les Antilles, leur flore
et leur faune " (1774) ; " Le Neptune Americo-
Septentrional " (1780) ; and " Ilistoire des aventu-
riers espagnols, cjui conquerirent I'Amei'ique"
(1800). Fleurieu also published a fine " Atlas
of the Caribbean Sea and the Coasts of North
America and Newfoundland" (1776), and "Voyage
autour du monde d'fitienne Marchand," with an
atlas and notes on the discoveries on the northwest
coast of America from 1537 till 1791 (1798).
FLEURY, Ernest de. Baron de Lisle, traveller,
b. in Lyons, France ; d. in New York city, 14
Sept., 1867. He was educated in Paris, and in-
herited a large property. In 1844 or 1846 he
came to the United States, visited California, and
was subsequently employed in locating the Nicara-
gua route. He travelled entensively in Central
and South America. In 1858 he settled in the
city of ^Mexico, and in 1864 espoused the cause of
Maximilian, joining the imperial army, and being
commissioned captain. Just before the downfall
of the emperor he was promoted to the colonelcy
of a regiment of chasseurs. At the surrender of
Maximilian he became a prisoner of war, was tried
by court-martial, and sentenced to be shot ; but
two days before the date fixed for his execution
he bribed the guard, escaped in disguise to Vera
Cruz, and sailed by way of Havana to New York.
He took passage for France by the next steamer,
but died suddenly before the day of departure.
FLEURY, Louis de, chevalier and viscount, soldier, b. in Limoges, Prance, about 1740; executed in Paris in 1794. He was descended from Hercule Andre de Fleury, tutor of the grandson of Louis XIV., and became cardinal and prime minister. He was major in the regiment Rouergue. Soon after the news of the American revolt reached France he came to this country, was kindly received by Washington, and accepted a commission. He was educated for an engineer, and, as his talents were brought into requisition, he proved himself a brave and intelligent soldier. He was engaged at Fort Mifflin on the Delaware, and in the battle of the Brandywine. In token of his gallantry at the latter place, congress presented him with a horse. He was sub-inspector under Steuben in 1777 and 1778. adjutant-general of Lee's division, 4 June, 1778, and second in command of a light-infantry corps in the Rhode Island expedition, and afterward commanded a battalion of light-infantry under Washington. When Rocharabeau arrived in 1780, Fleury left the American service and became an officer under him. At the storming of Stony Point in July, 1779, he commanded the van of the right column, and was the first to enter the British works, striking their colors with his own hand. He returned to France, having received a congressional vote of thanks.
