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on his mother's side from Miles Standish, and served with distinction at the battles of White Plains, Stillwater, and Saratoga. The son earned the means for his education by teaching, was graduated with the first honors at Brown in 1828, studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Cen- tre ville, Md., while conducting an academy there in 1880. He returned to Connecticut, completed his legal studies in the office of Calvin Goddard, who had been his first preceptor, was admitted to the Connecticut bar in November, 1831, and opened an office in Hampton in 1833, but in 1834 settled at Norwich. He took an active interest in politics from the outset of his professional life, was the editor of the Norwich " Republican," a Whig jour- nal, in 1835, and in 1839 and 1840 was elected to the legislature. He was again elected in 1846 and the two succeeding years, and was chosen speaker. In 1851 he received the degree of LL. D. from Brown university. In 1851-'3 he was mayor of Norwich. He was twice defeated as the Whig candidate for govern- or, and in 1854 was again sent to the as- sembly, chosen speak- er, and elected to the II. S. senate on 19 May, 1854, by the votes of the Whigs and Free- soilers. Though op- posed by conviction to slavery, he resisted the efforts to form a Free- soil party until the pas- sage of the Kansas- Nebraska bill. He delivered a notable speech in the senate on 25 June, 1856, against the repeal of the Missouri compro-

mise, and opposed the

Leeompton constitution for Kansas in 1858. He was a member of the Republican party from its organization in 1856, and in 1860 was again elected to the senate. In December, 1860, he spoke in approval of the Powell resolution to inquire into the distracted state of the country, though he was one of the few who at that time believed that the southern leaders would force a disruption of the Union, and was in favor of resisting the exten- sion of slavery beyond the limits recognized in the constitution, even at the cost of civil war. Mr. Foster was intimately connected with the adminis- tration, and was often a spokesman of Mr. Lin- coln's views. On 11 March, 1861, he moved the expulsion of Senator Lewis T. Wigfall, of Texas. In 1863 he advocated an appropriation for the gradual manumission of slaves in Missouri. In 1864, on the question of the repeal of the fugitive slave act, he spoke in favor of preserving the earlier law of 1793, and thereby incurred the re- proaches of the radical members of his party. He also opposed the bill granting the voting fran- chise to colored citizens of the District of Colum- bia without an educational qualification. He served on the committees on Indian affairs and land claims, and was chairman of the committee on pensions, and during the civil war of that on foreign relations. In 1865 he was chosen presi- dent of the senate pro tempore. After Andrew Johnson became president, Mr. Foster was acting vice-president of the United States. During the subsequent recess he travelled on the plains as member of a special commission to investigate the condition of the Indians. His senatorial term of office expired in March, 1867, and he was succeed- ed by Benjamin F. Wade in the office of vice- president. On account of his moderate and con- servative course in the senate his re-election was opposed by a majority of the Republicans in the Connecticut legislature, and he withdrew his name, though he was urged to stand as an independent candidate, and was assured of the support of the Democrats. He declined the professorship of law at Yale in 1869, but after his retirement from the bench in 1876 delivered a course of lectures on " Parliamentary Law and Methods of Legislation." In 1870 he again represented the town of Norwich in the assembly, and was chosen speaker. He re- signed in June of that year in order to take his seat on the bench of the supreme court, having been elected by a nearly unanimous vote of both branches of the legislature. His most noteworthy opinion was that in the case of Kirtland against Hotchkiss, in which he differed from the decision of the majority of the court (afterward confirmed by the U. S. supreme court) in holding that rail- road bonds could not be taxed by the state of Con- necticut when the property mortgaged was situated in Illinois. In 1872 he joined the Liberal Repub- licans and supported Horace Greeley as a candidate for the presidency. In 1874 he was defeated as a Democratic candidate for congress. He was a judge of the Connecticut superior court from 1870 till 1876, when he was retired, having reached the age of seventy years, and resumed the practice of law. In 1878-'9 he was a commissioner from Connecticut to settle the disputed boundary ques- tion with New York, and afterward one of the three commissioners to negotiate with the New York authorities for the purchase of Fisher's Island. He was also a member of the commission appointed in 1878 to devise simpler rules and forms of legal procedure for the state courts. By his will he endowed a professorship of English law at Yale, bequeathed his library to the town of Norwich, and gave his home for the free acad- emy there. See " Memorial Sketch " (printed privately. Boston, 1881).

FOSTER, Randolph Sinks, clergyman, b. in Williamsburg, Ohio, 22 Feb., 1820. He was edu- cated at Augusta college, Ky., and in 1837 entered the itinerant ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church in the Kentucky conference, was ti'ansferred soon afterward to the Ohio conference, and in 1850 to New York. From 1837 till 1850 he was pastor of churches in Hillsboro, Portsmouth, Lan- caster, Springfield, and Cincinnati, and from 1850 till 1857 in New York and Brooklyn. In 1856 he was elected president of the Northwestern univer- sity, Evanston, 111. ; but three years later he re- sumed the pastorate, and was stationed in New York and Sing Sing. The general conference of 1868 appointed him delegate to the British Wes- leyan conference, and in the same year he was elected professor of systematic theology in Drew theological seminary, Madison, N. J. In 1870 he was appointed president of this institution, retain- ing the chair of theology. He was a delegate to the general conferences of 1864, 1868, and 1872. In May, 1872, he was elected bishop of the M. E. church, and soon afterward was chosen to make episcopal visitations in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, India, and South America. He subsequently resided in Cincinnati, Ohio, and in Boston. ]\Iass. He has published " Objections to Calvinism as it is," a polemical work, which grew out of a controversy (Cincinnati, 1849) ; " Christian Purity " (New York, 1851 ; revised ed..