difficulty with the government, he sold his journal in 1793 "to James Montgomery, the poet, who had been brought up in his family, and emigrated to the United States, settling in Philadelphia. There he edited the " Independent Gazetteer," in which, being a proficient stenographer, he first printed short-hand reports of the debates in congress. In 1799 he sold the paper to Samuel Harrison Smith and removed to Raleigh, N. C, where he founded a new " Register, the publication of which he con- tinued until he had reached an advanced age, when he transferred it to his son, Weston Raleigh, and went to Washington to spend the remainder of his life witii his eldest son. Joseph. Here he became in- terested in African colonization, and was an active member of the American colonization society al- most to the day of his death. — His son, Joseph, journalist, b. in Eckington, near Shetheld, Eng., 10 April, 1786 ; d. in Washington, D. C, 21 July, 18G0, was educated at the University of North Carolina, learned printing in Pliiladelphia, and in 1807 l)efa,me the assistant, and afterward the part- ner, of Samuel Harrison Smith, who had removed the " Independent Gazetteer " to Washington and changed its name to tlie " National Intelligencer." In 1810 he succeeded to the sole proprietorship of the journal, which was then published tri-weekly. In 1813 he formed a partnership with his brother- in-law, William Winston Seaton, and in January, 1813, began the daily issue of the " Intelligencer," which was finally suspended, after the death of both partners, in 1869. From the time of their coming together up to 1820, Gales and Seaton were the exclusive reporters as well as the editors of their journal, one devoting himself to the house, the other to the senate. As a rule they only pub- lished running reports, but on special occasions the proceedings were given entire. But for their industry, a most important part of our national record would now be lost. Notably was this true in the case of the memorable debate between Hayne and Webster. The original notes of the latter's speech form a volume of several hundred pages, and, corrected and interlined by the statesman's own hand, were carefully treasured by Mr. Gales. At this period he had abandoned the practice of reporting, and the full reproduction of that par- ticular oration was an exception to the custom of the office. The "Intelligencer " was a strong ad- vocate of the war of 1812, and when the British under Admiral Cockburn entered Washington, the anger of that officer seemed to be especially aroused against the journal, one of whose editors was Eng- lish by birth. He at first proposed burning the office, but being dissuaded by occupants of the ad- joining houses, wreaked his revenge upon the print- ing materials and other property. Pie ordered the valuable library to be taken into the street and burned, himself assisting in the destruction, the type thrown from the windows, and the presses broken, thus causing a loss of several thousand dollars. — Seaton, journalist, son of Weston R. Gales, b. in Raleigh, N. G., 17 May, 1828; d. in Washington, D. C, 29 Nov., 1878, was graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1848. A month later, on the death of his father, he took editorial charge of the Raleigh " Register." At the beginning of the war he entered the Con- federate army, and served four years as adjutant- general of a brigade in northern Virginia, being present at nearly all the battles fought in that lo- cality. After the war he returned to journalism, and from 1866 till 1869 was connected with the Raleigh "Sentinel." At the time of his sudden death he was superintendent of the document- room of the U. S. house of representatives, having been appointed at the opening of the 45th congress.
GALI, Francisco, Spanish navigator, b. in Se-
villa in 15o9 ; d. in the city of Mexico in 1591.
The want of a port on the coast of California,
where ships arriving from the Philippines could
revictual, had long been felt. In 1585 Pedro
Moya de Contreras, archbishop of Mexico and
provisional viceroy of New Spain, fitted out two
frigates at Acapulco, and gave the command to
Gali, enjoining him not only to select a place for
a port, but to examine the whole coast of North
America, which some believed to extend to China,
while others thought it was separated by the
Strait of Anian. Gali, who had sailed as far as
Japan, gives the following reasons for believing
that there was a strait : '• When we were 300
leagues northeast of Japan, we found a very deep
sea with a current coming from the north and
northwest ; the waves were long and high ; from
whatever side the wind blew, the current and
the waves always followed the same direction. In
this way we sailed 700 leagues ; it was only when
we were within 200 leagues of the coast of Mexico
that we no longer felt this sea and current, and
this fact makes me think that a channel or strait
will be found between the continent of New Spain
and the countries of Asia and Tartary. Moreover,
we met in this interval of 700 leagues a large num-
ber of whales, besides bonitos and other such fish
as are always found in the Straits of Gibraltar;
for they prefer opening their way through quarters
where there are strong currents ; this confirms me
still more in the opinion that there is a strait."
Gali, after visiting the Ladrones, Manila, Macao,
and the Liu-Kiu islands, sailed eastward, and on 14
Oct., landed on the coast of America at 37° 30'
north latitude. He saw a high land well wooded
and totally free from snow ; then, on his route to
Acapulco, he saw fires along the coast during the
night, and smoke in the daytime, from which he
concluded that all this country was inhabited. On
his return, he found that the archbishop was no
longer in office, and the project of founding a port
on the coast of California was abandoned. The
relation of Gali, written in Spanish, was sent to
tlie viceroy of the Indies ; it fell into the hands of
Linschot, who translated it into Dutch and in-
serted it in his work on the " Track Charts of the
Indies " (Amsterdam, 1596). Hackluyt has a trans-
lation in his collection, and there is also a French
translation from Linschot (Amsterdam, 1610). In
all these works Gali is called Gualle. There is also
a Spanish translation taken from the French ver-
sion (Madrid, 1802). Gali intended to give a fuller
account of his voyage, and some think that he did
write a larger work, which has been lost ; there are
fragments of it in the national library of Mexico,
under the title : " Viaje, descubrimientos y obser-
vaciones de Acapulco a Filipinas y desde alii a Ma-
cao y por la costa de Nipon a la Nueva Espana."
The narrative in existence proves him an experi-
enced navigator and a talented observer. He had
on board his vessel a skilful astronomer, Juan
Jayme, who used an instrument of his own in-
vention for^ finding the variation of the needle.
GALINEE, clergyman. He was a member of the order of St. Sulpice, and accompanied La Salle on his voyage to this country. In 1670 he visited the site of Detroit, and is said to have been the first white man to arrive at that locality. He parted with La Salle at the head of Lake Ontario, and with a fellow-priest, named Dollier, coasted the southern shore of Lake Erie, and entered the Detroit river. At one of their camping-places the
