New York city. He was ordained deacon by Dr. Cummins, assistant bishop of the diocese, in Christ church. Louisville, Ky., 7 June, 1868, and priest by Bishop J. P. B. Wilmer, in Trinity church. New Orleans, La., 30 May, 1869. During his diaconate he served as assistant minister in Christ church, Louisville, and on his ordination to the priesthood became rector of Trinity church. New Orleans. He was subsequently, for a short time, rector of Memorial church, Baltimore, Md., and afterward of Zion church. New York city. In 1875 he received the degree of S. T. D. from Columbia. In 1879 he was elected bishop of Louisiana, and was consecrated in TrinitA' church, New Orleans, 5 Feb., 1880.
GALLARDO, Aurelio Luis (gal-yar'-do), Mexican
poet, b. in León, Guanajuato, 3 Nov., 1831; d.
in Napa, Cal., 27 Nov., 1869. In his earliest youth
his parents settled in Guadalajara, and he studied
in the seminary of that city. After his marriage
he gave himself up entirely to literature, and
published many minor poems and pieces for the theatre,
which were well received. His style is simple
and natural, and in his patriotic poems he shows
an enthusiastic belief in the ulterior success of the
republic and the overthrow of the empire. These
productions attracted the persecution of the
Imperialists, and in 1866 he was forced to emigrate to
San Francisco, Cal. There he continued his poetical
labors, contributed to the Spanish papers of the
state, and in 1868 founded, in San Francisco, “El
Republicano.” His works are three volumes of
poems, “Sueños y Sombras” (Mexico, 1856),
“Nubes y Estrellas” (Guadalajara, 1865), and
“Leyendas y Ronmnces” (San Francisco, 1868); also a
collection of poems, “Leyendas intimas,” and a
novel, “Adah, ó el Amor de un Angel,” published
in the literary section of his paper in California.
He also wrote about twenty comedies, of which
the best known are “El Pintor de Florencia,”
“Abrojos del Corazón,” “Los Mártires de Tacubaya,”
“La Hechicera de Córdoba,” and the drama
“Maria Antonieta de Lorena,” which by many is
considered his best production.
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GALLATIN, Albert, statesman, b. in Geneva, Switzerland, 29 Jan., 1761; d. in Astoria, L. I., 12 Aug., 1849. He was descended from an ancient patrician family of Geneva, whose name had long been honorably connected with the history of Switzerland. His father, Jean Gallatin, was engaged in trade, and died when the boy was two years old, while his mother, Sophie Albertine Rolaz du Rosey, survived her husband seven years. Young Albert, who had been baptized by the name Abraham Alfonse Albert, was confided to the care of Mademoiselle Pictet, a relative of his father, and from her he received his early education. In 1773 he was sent to a boarding-school, and a year later entered the University of Geneva, where he was graduated in 1779, standing first in mathematics, natural philosophy, and Latin translation. The liberal spirit of the times was not without its influence on the young man. His grandmother, Madame Susanne Gallatin-Vaudenet, was a woman of strong character, with many friends, among whom were Frederick, landgrave of Hesse Cassel, and Voltaire. Through her influence, a commission of lieutenant-colonel in the Hessian troops, then serving in America, was offered to Gallatin; but he declined it, saying that he would “never serve a tyrant.” In opposition to the wishes of his family, he secretly left Geneva in April, 1780, with his college friend, Henri Serre, for America, where they might “drink in a love for independence in the freest country of the universe.” He sailed from l'Orient late in May, 1780, and reached Boston on 14 July. His experiences for the ensuing year or so were far from encouraging; he wandered from Boston to Maine, where he engaged in trading. He served as a volunteer against a threatened invasion by the British, and at one time was in temporary command of a small fort in Passamaquoddy. His trading ventures failed, and he returned to Boston with a reduced purse in October, 1781. Here for a time he supported himself by giving instruction in the French language, and in July, 1782, was granted permission to teach the students of Harvard in that language, receiving from the corporation a compensation of $300 for his services. When peace was restored, he left Boston and went to Philadelphia, by way of New York, to deliver the letters to eminent Americans which he had received in Paris. In Philadelphia, through the influence of his friend, Savary de Valcoulon, he was led to invest in large tracts of land in West Virginia. This venture proved successful, and in February, 1784, he settled in Fayette county, Pa., then a part of Virginia, where he opened a country store. During the next few years he was constantly engaged in purchasing property and in locating claims for others, spending his winters generally in Richmond, then the gayest city in the Union. He appears to have been interested in politics, and his ideas seem to have influenced the speeches of John Smilie, who represented Fayette county in the convention of ratification held in September, 1787. Two years later he was a member of the State constitutional convention held in Philadelphia, and was among those who shared the anti-federalist views then prevalent. This was his entrance into the public service. In 1790 he was sent to the legislature from Fayette county, and was re-elected in the two following years. He took an active part in its proceedings, and in 1793 was elected to the U. S. senate; but, after serving two months, he was declared ineligible by a strict party vote on the ground that he had been a citizen of the United States only eight years, having taken the oath of allegiance in October, 1785. In November, 1793, he married Hannah, the daughter of Com. James Nicholson, and this alliance greatly widened his political connection. A year later, through his tact, courage, and fidelity, he succeeded in bringing about a peaceful settlement of the “Whiskey Insurrection.” Indeed, historians have agreed in giving to Gallatin the honor of preventing a more serious outbreak. At the subsequent election he was chosen to represent Fayette county in the Pennsylvania legislature, and also was elected to congress. His election to the legislature was contested, and finally declared void after a long debate, during which he made his speech “on the western elections.” Another election was then held, in which Gallatin was victorious. After remaining in the legislature till 12 March, he obtained leave of absence. He entered congress on 7 Dec., 1795, as a follower of James Madison, who was then the leader of the Republican opposition, and continued a member of that body until his appointment as secretary of the treasury in 1801. One of the first measures introduced by him was a bill calling for the precise condition of the treasury. His object was to establish the expenses of the government in each department of the service on a permanent footing, for which annual appropriations should be made, and for any important expenditure to insist on a special appropriation. He also came into prominence when the house demanded from the president papers connected with the treaty of 1796 with Great Britain. The presi-
