deaf, and dumb, regarding the system pursued in the United States. Trinity college, Hartford, gave him the degree of LL. I), in 1869, and Columbian university that of Ph. D. in the same year. He is the author of a popular " Manual of International Law " (1879), and " Life of Thomas Hopkins Gal- laudet " (New York, 1888).
GALLISON, John, lawyer, b. in Marblehead,
Mass., in October, 1788; d. 25 Dec, 1820. After he
was graduated at Harvard, in 1807, he studied law
and practised in Marblehead, and then removed to
Boston. For several years he edited the " Weekly
Messenger," and advocated plans for the gradual
abolition of slavery in the United States. He pub-
lished " Reports in the Circuit Court " (2 vols.,
1807; 2d ed., Boston, 1845), and an "Address" to
the Peace society, of which he was a member.
GALLITZIN, Demetrius Augustine, clergy-
man, b. in the Hague, Holland, 22 Dec, 1770; d.
in Loretto, Cambria co., Pa., G May, 1841. His
father was Russian ambassador to Holland. The
Gallitzin family was one of the oldest and noblest
in Russia, and had always exercised a great and
sometimes a controlling influence in the affairs of
that country. The mother of the young prince
was a daughter of Field-Marshal Count von Schmet-
tau, one of the favorite generals of Frederick the
Great. Both father and mother were admirers of
Voltaire and Diderot, and their son was brought
up without religious training. In 1786 the prin-
cess, after a severe illness, returned to the Roman
Catholic church, of which she had once been a
member. A year afterward Demetrius also became
a Christian, taking the name of Augustine on his
conversion. He served as aide-de-camp to the
Austrian genei-al. Van Lilien, in 1792, in the first
campaign against France. Before its close he was
dismissed, the Austrian government having decid-
ed to discharge foreign officers. His parents now
wished him to travel, and the unsettled state of
the continent determined them to send Demetrius
to the United States. The Rev. Felix Brosius was
appointed his tutor. To avoid the inconvenience
of rank, he took the name of Augustine Schmettau,
which was afterward Americanized into Smith, and
was borne by him for some time after his ordina-
tion. Supplied with letters of introduction from
the prince-bishops of Hildesheim and Paderborn to
Bishop Carroll, to whom his mother confided him,
he sailed from Rotterdam, 18 Aug., 1792. He ar-
rived in Baltimore on 28 Oct., shortly afterward
expressed a wish to become a priest, and entered
the seminary of St. Sulpice, Baltimore, with this
intention. Both his parents were dissatisfied with
his choice, and his father, who had procured him
a commission in the Russian army, begged him to
come home, saying that his becoming a priest
would of itself prevent his succession to the family
inheritance. The young prince, however, perse-
vered, and was ordained on 18 March, 1795. He
was the second priest ordained in the United
States, and the first who received holy orders in
this country, as the Rev. Theodore Bazin had been
made deacon in France before coming to America.
Desiring to remain in the seminary. Father Gallit-
zin, or Father Smith, as he was then called, be-
came a member of the order of Sulpitians. But
Bishop Carroll, with a view to recruiting his health,
sent him to the mission at Port Tobacco. Finding
that he was not improving, the bishop directed him
to go to the extensive mission of which Conewago
was the centre, and at which his friend. Father
Brosius, then was. His reply to the bishop was of
such a character as to call forth a severe repri-
mand and a summons to Baltimore. Here he was
placed in charge of all the German Catholics of
the city. In 1796 he entered on tlie Conewago
mission, residing in Taneytown, and visiting sev-
eral places in Maryland and Pennsylvania. The
zeal of the young priest was not always according
to prudence. His too great haste to correct abuses,
and the complaints made of his arbitrary meas-
ures, called forth a second letter of admonition
from Bishop Carroll in 1798. In 1799 the Roman
Catholics of Maguire's settlement petitioned the
bishop for a resident pastor. Father Gallitzin was
appointed, and at once set about the work of estab-
lishing a Roman Catholic colony. The district he
selected for this purpose was one of the wildest
and most uncultivated of the Alleghanies, in what
is now Cambria county. Pa. It contained hardly a
dozen Roman Catholic families. In 1800 he had a
church built of pine logs, the only one between
Lancaster and St. Louis. He bought more than
20,000 acres, and invited settlers, supplying them
with homes on easy terms, and waiting until such
time as they would be able to pay for them. But
his expectation of realizing from his inherited es-
tates made him incur obligations which for a long
time were a source of humiliation and embarrass-
ment. His father died in 1803, and his relatives
in Russia immediately took possession of the es-
tates. It was thought by his mother that his pres-
ence in Russia would be advantageous to his inter-
ests, but no consideration could prevail on him to
leave the settlement he had founded. By her ad-
vice he appointed three noblemen his agents, with
full power of attorney to bring suit against his
relatives, while she, in the event of failure, took
steps to secure the property for herself, through
her contract of marriage. He built a village, which
he named Loretto. in 1803, on his own land. It is
situated about four miles northwest of Cresson
station, on the Pennsylvania railroad, and at the
time of his death had a population of 150. He
used his influence to have it made the capital of
Cambria county when the latter was laid out, but
without success, and, as he was the agent for sev-
eral firms in Philadelphia and other large cities
for the sale of lands in western Pennsylvania, the
formation of the new county only multiplied his
business and increased his embarrassments. Up
to the death of his mother in 1806 he had received
remittances from her regularly. Although the
emperor of Russia decided in 1808 that, having be-
come a Roman Catholic priest, he could inherit no
part of his father's property, his sister, the Princess
Maria, continued for some time to send him large
suras, which he employed in meeting his engage-
ments, but on her marriage with the penniless
Prince of Salm this resource also failed. Mean-
while his colony began to branch out and lay the
foundation of other congregations at Ebensburg.
Carrolltown, St. Augustine, VVilmore, Summitville,
and several other parts of Pennsylvania, and as,
owing to the scarcity of priests, he could not ob-
tain an assistant, his labors were unceasing. In
1809 he passed from the jurisdiction of the arch-
bishop of Baltimore to that of the newly appoint-
ed bishop of Philadelphia. His real name also had
become generally known, and as he had been natu-
ralized as Augustine Smith, the legislature, on his
petition, gave him the right to resume that of De-
metrius Augustine Gallitzin. In 1811 he was vis-
ited by Bishop Egan, of Philadelphia, and confir-
mation was administered for the first time in the
part of the diocese of Pittsburg lying west of the
Alleghanies. The name of Father Gallitzin had
now become famous, and he was spoken of for the
see of Bardstown, Ky. He was actually nominated
