service in connection with the " Missionary Maga- zine " and the " Watchman " newspaper, besides writing tracts and review articles. He received the degree of D. D. from Dartmouth in 1867.
GARDNER, Henry, statesman, b. in Stowe,
Middlesex co., Mass., about 1730 ; d. in Boston in
1782. He was _i,n-aduated at Harvard in 1750, and
wasastrong Lilteral tlirougliout the Revolution, en-
tei'ing into politics iu 1775, and continuing in pub-
lic life until his death. Mr. Gardner was a mem-
ber of the Middlesex convention of February, 1774,
which met to consult for the common defence and
welfare of the country. This and several other as-
semblies, held during the same month in the New
England states, recommended a provincial con-
gress, which accordingly convened in Salem in Oc-
tober, 1774, and the next day adjourned to Con-
cord, N. H. He served in this and in the congresses
of February and May, 1775, which met in Water-
town, Mass., and was chosen treasurer of the prov-
ince by the 1st congress. — His grandson, Henry
Joseph, b. in Dorchester in 1819 ; d. in Milton, 21
July, 1892. lie was governor of Massachusetts for
three terms iu 1855, "(i, "7.
GARDNER, John Lane, soldier, b. in Boston,
Mass., 1 Aug., 1793 ; d. in Wilmington, Del., 19
Feb., 1869. He entered the army in 1812 as
lieutenant of infantry, saw his first active service
in Canada, and was wounded at the battle of La
Colle Mill, 30 March, 1814, while serving under
Gen. James Wilkinson. After the war he was
transferred to the artillery. In 1820-'30 lie was
assistant quartermaster-general, with the rank of
captain, and in 1833 was brevetted major of artil-
lery for ten years' faithful service. He served with
his regiment during the Florida war, and was re-
ported to the department as having shown "the
utmost activity, skill, and intrepidity " at the bat-
tle of Wahoo Swamp, 21 Nov., 1832. He was pro-
moted major in 1845, commanded his regiment
throughout the Mexican war, was brevetted lieu-
tenant-colonel for service at the battle of Cerro
Gordo, 18 April, 1847, and colonel at Contreras on
30 Aug., where he commanded the right column
of attack. From 1842 till 1850 he was in com-
mand of the district of Florida, became lieuten-
ant-colonel in 1852, and some years later was
stationed at Charleston liarbor, where he was in
command in 1860. Though mustering fewer than
fifty men at Fort Moultrie, he effected an arrange-
ment with Col. Joseph P. Taylor, commissary-gen-
eral, for six months' provisions, and announced his
intention to defend the fort to the last extremity
against the secessionists. Secretary of War John
B. Floyd thereupon relieved him from command,
and ordered him to report to Gen. David E. Twiggs,
in Texas. Maj. Robert Andei'son succeeded to
the command at Fort Moultrie, and on Christmas
eve removed the garrison to Fort Sumter. In
1861 he was promoted colonel of the 2d artillery,
and the next year was, by his own request, placed
on the retired list, and employed in recruiting
service. In 1865 he was brevetted brigadier-gen-
eral "for long and faithful service."
GARDNER, Joseph, member of the Continental
congress, b. in Honeybrook township, Chester co.,
Pa., in 1752; d. in Elkton, Md., in 1794. He
studied medicine, and was one of the first to attend
the lectures given at the medical department of
the University of Pennsylvania, after which he
settled in the practice of his profession in his na-
tive place. At the beginning of the Revolution-
ary war he raised a company of volunteers, and
afterward was given command of the 4th battalion
of Chester county militia. He also served on the
general committee of safety from July, 1776, till
December, 1777, and was appointed in July, 1776.
one of the board of commissioners of Chester
county by the Pennsylvania constitutional conven-
tion, also becoming in November, 1777, one of tTie
commissioners to collect clothing for the army.
Dr. Gardner was a member of the Pennsylvania
assembly in 1776-'8, and in 1779 was chosen a
member of the supreme executive council. In .
1784 he was elected to the Continental congress,,
and served for one year. Subsequently, until 1792,
he resided in Philadelphia, and there followed his
profession. He then removed to Elkton, Md.,
where he spent the remainder of his life.
GARDNER, Samuel Jackson, editor, b. in
Brookline, Mass., in 1788; d. in the White Moun-
tains, N. H., 14 July, 1864. He was graduated at
Harvard in 1809, and afterward practised law for
many years in Roxbury, Mass., where he held sev-
eral county and state offices. In 1838 he removed
to Newark, N. J., and in the succeeding year edited
the " Advertiser," a daily paper, which failing-
health compelled him to resign in 1861. Many of
his essays, under the signature of " Decius," were
collected and published under the title of " Autumn
Leaves " (New York. 1859). — His son, Augustus-
Kin^sley, physician, born in Roxbury, Mass., 13
July, 1812; d: in New York city, 7 April 1876,
was graduated in medicine at Harvard in 1844.
He then visited Europe, and studied three years.
Returning to the United States, he established
himself in New York, and was elected professor of
diseases of women and children, and of midwifery,
in the New York medical college. Dr. Gardner
gave special attention to the importation of foreign
birds, as destroyers of insect larvae ; to the establish-
ment of drinking-f ountains in New York city ; to
the reformation of the established code of medical
ethics ; and the investigation of the swill-milk
business. He was the first physician in the United
States that gave chloroform in labor, and practised
it successfully while professor of midwifery in the
New York medical college. In consequence of a
consultation with a homoeopathic physician, he had
a rupture with the Academy of physicians, and
resigned. He is the author of "Hours of a Medi-
cal Student in Paris " (New York, 1848); "Causes
and Treatment of Sterility" (1850); "Our Chil-
dren" (Hartford, 1872); and "Translation of
Seanzoni's Diseases of Females." He edited Tyler
Smith's " Lectures," and contributed many pro-
fessional and scientific papers to current literature.
GARDNER, Thomas, soldier, b. in Cambridge,
Mass., in 1724; d. in Boston, 18 June, 1775. He
ranked among the most zealous sons of liberty,
and was a member of the convention of Middlesex
county, in 1774, held to consult on measures for
public safety and defence, and of the Provincial
congress of Massachusetts of October, 1774, and
February, 1775. By this congress he was ap-
pointed one of the committee of safety chosen to
act instead of the council and governor, who were
believed to be mere tools of the British. In May,
1775, he raised a regiment according to the in-
structions of the Provincial congress, and was com-
missioned its colonel. At the battle of Bunker
Hill, 17 June, 1775, while hastening with a part of
his regiment to the redoubt, and in the act of de-
scending the hill, he received a mortal wound, of
which he died the next dav.
GARDNER, William Henry, naval officer, b. in Maryland in 1800 ; d. in Pliiladelphia, 18 Dec, 1870. He entered the navy in 1814 as a midshipman, was commissioned lieutenant in 1825, served on the "Vandalia," of the British squadron, in
