stay he was ordered to pas? on to the Onondagas to ascertain whether there was any prospect of re- building the church of St. Mary's, which had been destroyed. He was received with enthusiasm by this tribe, and especially by their chief, Garaconthie {q. v.). They begged him to remain among them, and on his declaring that he could not do so except a church should be built, they at once acceded to his demand. He met with great success in con- verting the Onondagas, and on the arrival of two other missionaries he set out to evangelize the Senecas. He did not meet with much success in his labors, and returned to Canada in 1683. In 1702 the Senecas petitioned for the return of the missionaries, and Father Gamier was one of those who returned. He remained some years among them, but, being at length exhausted by his labors, he went back to Canada. He was the last mission- ary who preached among the Senecas.
GARONHIAGUE, Louis, styled Hot Cinders by
the French, Oneida chief, d. in New York state in
1687. He took part in the torture and murder of
Father de Brebeuf in 1649. Afterward, having
quarrelled with another Oneida sachem, he went to
Canada, and, on hearing of his brother's death, re-
solved never to return to his tribe. He stopped on
his journey at the Christian Indian village of La
Prairie. Here his wife was converted, and soon
persuaded her husband to become a Christian.
After his baptism he was elected fourth chief of
the mission, and, although the youngest, soon be-
came head-chief. His eloquence and fervor pro-
duced such effect in the village that he was made
catechist. He then went among the heathen tribes,
and, with the aid of religious pictures, made nu-
merous converts. He frequently visited his peo-
ple, and persuaded many of his old adherents to
follow him to La Prairie. In 1677 he rescued the
famous convert Catliarine Tegakonita from the
persecution of her uncle, and brought her from
Gandawague to La Prairie. In 1687 he accom-
panied Denonville, at the head of fifty braves from
Caughnawaga, in his invasion of the Seneca coun-
try. The French army, while passing through a
defile, fell into an ambuscade of 800 Senecas. The
Christian Indians bore the brunt of the attack, and
Garonhiague fell mortally wounded.
GARRARD, James, governor of Kentucky, b.
in Stafford county, Va., 14 Jan., 1749 ; d. in Bour-
bon county, Ky., 9 Jan., 1822. While engaged as
a militia officer in the Revolutionary war he was
called from the army to a seat in the Virginia
legislature. Here he was a zealous advocate of the
bill for the establishment of religious liberty. Hav-
ing removed with the early settlers to Kentucky,
in 1783, and settled on Stoner river, near Paris,
he became there a political leader, and was a mem-
ber of the conventio-n which framed the first con-
stitution of the state. Here he was ordained to the
Baptist ministry. In 1791, pending the convention
just named, he was chairman of a committee that
reported to the Elkhorn Baptist association a me-
morial and remonstrance in favor of excluding
slavery from the commonwealth by constitution-
al enactment. He was elected governor in 1796,
and re-elected in 1800, serving eight years. — His
grandson, Tlieophiliis Toulmiii, soldier, b. near
Manchester. Ky., 7 June, 1812. tie was a mem-
ber of the lower house of the Kentucky legislat-
ure in 1843-'4, served through the Mexican war
as a captain in the 16th U. S. infantry, went to
California, on the discovery of gold in 1849. by the
overland route, remained in the mines fifteen
months, and then returned by way of Panama to
Kentucky. He was elected to the state senate
in 1857, resigned to become a candidate for con-
gress, and elected a state senator again in 1861.
He was appointed a colonel of the 3d Kentucky
U. S. volunteei" infantry, promoted brigadier-gen-
eral in March, 1863, and mustered out on 4 April,
1864. — A great-grandson, Kenner, soldier, b. in
Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1830; d. there, 15 May, 1879,
was graduated at the U. S. military academy in
1851, entered the dragoons, became a captain on 3
March, 1855, was engaged in frontier service in
Texas, and captured by the Confederates on 12
April, 1861, being placed on parole until exchanged
as a prisoner of war on 27 Aug., 1862. He served
meanwhile as instructor and commandant of cadets
at West Point. He was commissioned on 27 Sept.,
1862, as colonel of the 146th regiment of New
York volunteers, and engaged in the principal bat-
tles of the Rappahannock and Pennsylvania cam-
paigns. On 23 July, 1863, he was promoted briga-
dier-general of ^ volunteers, took part at Rappa-
hannock Station and in the Mine Run operations,
and in 1864 commanded a cavalry division of the
Army of the Cumberland, and participated in the
operations around Chattanooga and the invasion
of Georgia, being constantly engaged in detached
expeditions. He was bre vetted colonel in the U.
S. army for services in the expedition to Coving-
ton, Ga. From December, 1864, till the end of
hostilities he commanded the 2d division of the
16th army corps. He distinguished himself at the
battle of Nashville, earning the brevets of major-
general of volunteers and brigadier-general in the
regular army, participated in the operations against
Mobile, led the storming column that captured
Blakely, and was in command of the district of
Mobile until after he was mustered out of the vol-
unteer service on 24 Aug., 1865. He received the
brevet of major-general, U. S. army, for services
during the war. On 9 Nov.. 1866, he resigned his
commission in the regular army.
GARRETSON, Freeborn, clergvman, b. in
Maryland. 15 Aug., 1752; d. in New York, 26
Sept., 1827. In 1775 he became a minister of the
Methodist Episcopal church, and in December,
1784, he was ordained an elder, and volunteered
as a missionary to Nova Scotia. In 1788, with
twelve young ministers, he began the work of evan-
gelizing eastern New York and western New Eng-
land. He married Miss Catherine Livingston, of
Rhinebeck, in 1791, and henceforth his labors were
confined to New York city. He was eminently
s\iccessful as a minister, and preached in almost
all the eastern states from Nova Scotia to the Gulf
of Mexico. He emancipated several slaves belong-
ing to him, and made provisions in his will for the
perpetual support of a missionary. See Bang's
"Life of F. Garretson" (New Y'ork, 1832).— Plis
daughter, Mary Rutherford, b. in 1783; d. near
Rhinebeck, N. Y., 7 March, 1879, was of marked
intellectual ability, and was noted for her works
of benevolence and smallness of stature.
GARRETSON, James Edmund, author, b. in Wilmington, Del., 4 Oct., 1828; d. in Philadelphia, 27 Oct., 1895. He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in medicine in 1859. Be afterward established himself in practice in Philadelphia, making a specialty of
oral surgery. He successfully introduced many new operations and appliances, and was the first to use the surgical engine, and to introduce it into general practice. Dr. Garretson was a lecturer in the Philadelphia school of anatomy in 1861-3, and on oral surgery in the University of Pennsylvania in 1866-'9, and was dean of the Philadelphia
dental college since 1879. He became president of
