Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/644

1850, and then studied medicine for four years, until sickness forced iiim to discontinue his studies. During the next four years he travelled in Europe and America, and on his return to his native coun- try he was appointed professor of French in the military academy of Copenhagen. In 1869 he was graduated in medicine and practised in Copen- hagen until 1875, when he came again to the United States, and has since remained here. He first set- tled in Brooklyn, but in 1879 removed to New York city. He was appointed physician to the gynecological department of the German dispen- sary in 1879, obstetric surgeon to the Maternity hospital in 1881, obstetrician to the Infant asylum in 1884, gynecologist to the German hospital in 1885, and in 1886 professor of practical obstetrics in the Post-graduate medical school and hospital. Dr. Garrigues is a member of numerous medical societies, and has taken an active part in their pro- ceedings. Besides numerous papers on gynecology in the "American Journal of Obstetrics" and the " Transactions of the Gynecological Society," he has published " Gastro-Elytrotomy " (New York, 1878) ; " Diagnosis of Ovarian Cysts by means of the Examination of the Contents" (1882); -'Prac- tical Guide in Antiseptic Midwifery " (Detroit) ; and part of the " System of Gynecology by Ameri- can Authors" (Philadelphia, 1887).

GARRISON, Cornelius Kingsland, capitalist, b. in Fort Montgomery, near West Point, N. Y., 1 March, 1809; d. in New York city, 1 May, 1885. He studied architecture and civil engineering while working on his father's schooner, and also acquired a taste for navigation. In 1830 he removed to Buffalo, where he was employed as a builder, and in 1834 went to Canada, and while there was prin- cipally engaged in building bridges and in marine architecture. In 1839 he settled in St. Louis and acquired a fortune from the boats that he built, owned, and commanded. In 1852 he went to Pana- ma and established the banking-house of Garri- son, Fritz, and Ralston, and at the same time be- came agent of the Nicaragua steamship company. In 1856 he was elected mayor of San Francisco, and wiiile there originated the movement that led to the organization of the Pacific mail steamship com- pany. At the end of his term as mayor he was presented by the citizens with a service of forty pieces of California gold. In 1859 he removed to New York and became a financier and speculator. During the civil war Mr. Garrison placed many of his ships at the disposal of the government. He was largely interested in the Pacific railroad of Missouri, which, becoming involved, was sold under foreclosure in 1876. Mr. Garrison was elected president of the reorganized road (now the Mis- souri Pacific), and out of tiiis i-corganization arose the Marie-Garrison suit for !jf;5,()()(»,00(). which, after ten years, was decided adversely to Mr. Garrison. In June, 1884, he made an assignment, but his assets were largely in excess of his liabilities.

GARRISON, Joseph Fithian. clergvman, b. in Fairton, N. J.. 20 Jan.. 1823; d. 30 Jan.,' 1892. He was graduated at Princeton in 1842, and in medi- cine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1845. He entered the ministry of the Protestant Episco- pal church in 1855, and became rector of St. Paul's, Camden, N. J., which he resigned on being appointed professor of liturgies and canon law in the Philadelphia divinity-school, which chair he still holds (1887). He has contributed largely to periodical literature, and has published separately, besides numerous discourses, " The Formation of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States " (1885), and the Bohlen lectures for 1887 on " The American Praver-Book : its Principles and the Law of its Use "" (1887). The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by Princeton.

GARRISON, William Lloyd, journalist, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 10 Dec, 1805 ; d. in New York city, 24 May, 1879. His father, Abijah Garrison, was a sea-captain, a man of generous nature, sanguine temperament, and good intellectual capacity, who ruined himself by intemperance. His mother, Fanny Lloyd, was a woman of exceptional beauty of person and high character, and remarkable for inflexible fidelity to her moral convictions. They emigrated from Nova Scotia to Newburyport a short time before the birth of Lloyd, and not long afterward the father left his family and was never again seen by them. At fourteen years of age Lloyd was apprenticed to the printing business in the office of the Newburyport " Herald," where he served until he was of age, becoming foreman at an early day, and dis • playing a strong natural taste and capacity for editorship. From the first he was remarkable for his firmness of moral principle, his quick appreciation of ethical distinctions, and an inflexible adherence to his convictions at whatever cost to himself. His aims and purposes were of the highest, and those who knew liim best foresaw foi' him an honorable ca- reer. His apprenticeship end- ed, he became editor for a time of the Newbury- port "Free Press," which he made too reformatory for- the popular taste at that day. To this paper John G. Whittier, then unknown to fame,sentsomeof his earliest poems anonymously, but the editor, discov- ering his genius,

penetrated his incognito, and they formed a friendship that was broken only by death. Mr. Garrison's next experiment in editorship was with the "National Philanthropist" in Boston, a journal devoted to the cause of temperance. We next hear of him in Bennington, Vt., whither he went in 1828 to conduct the " Journal of the Times," established to support John Quincy Adams for re-election as president. Before leaving Boston, he formed an acquaintance with Benjandn Lundy, the Quaker abolitionist, then of Baltimore, where he was publishing the " Genius of Universal Emancipation," a journal that had for its object the abolition of American slavery. Going to New England with the distinct purpose of enlisting the clergy in his cause, Lundy was bitterly disappointed by his want of success ; but he mightily stirred the "heart of young Garrison, who became his ally, and two years later his partner, in the conduct of the " Gfenius of Universal Emancipation." This journal, up to that time, had represented the form of abolition sentiment known as gradualism, which had distinguished the anti-slavery societies of the times of Franklin and Jay, and fully answered the moral demands of the period. These societies were at this time either dead or inactive, and, since the Missouri contest of 1819-20,