South Carolina-, and in 1810 and 1812 was chosen speaker. In 1818 he was elected governor, which office he held until 1820. During his administra- tion he entertained President Monroe at his house on Broad street, in Charleston. Pie was major of cavalry in 1808, and after his service as governor was made brigadier-general of militia.
GEDDINGS, Eli, physician, b. in the district
of Newberry, S. C, in 1799 ; d. in Charleston, S. C,
9 Oct., 1878. His first education was received in
Abbeville academy, and he was graduated in medi-
cine by the examining board of tiie Medical society
of South Carolina in 1820. He began practice in
St. George's parish, Colleton district, but soon re-
turned to Abbeville, where he formed a connection
with Dr. E. S. Davis. During the winter of 1821-'2
he attended lectures in the University of Pennsyl-
vania. He went to Calhoun settlement, Abbeville
district, where he continued until 1824, when he
removed to Charleston, and was one of the first to
receive a degree from the Medical college in 1825.
He voluntarily discharged the duties of demonstra-
tor of anatomy, and after a year spent in the hos-
pitals of Paris and London held this office until
1828, when he resigned it to open a private school
of practical anatomy and surgery, in which he was
successful. In 1831 he accepted the chair of an-
atomy and physiology in the University of Mary-
land, and removed to Baltimore, where he edited
the "Baltimore Medical Journal "in 1833, which
in 1835 was changed to the " North American Ar-
chives of Medical and Surgical Science," to which
he contributed essays and editorials. He returned
to Charleston in 1837 to take the chair of patho-
logical anatomy and medical jurisprudence in the
Medical college. He practised in all branches of
medicine and surgery. In 1849 he held the chair
of surgery, which he resigned in 1858 so that Prof.
Dickson might be reinstated. He was a surgeon in
the Confederate army during the civil war. When
the fall of Charleston was imminent, his rare medi-
cal library was sent to Columbia, where it perished
in the fire that destroyed a large part of the city.
This library embraced valuable works collected in
Europe, and illustrated all branches of medical
literature and scientific subjects. Plis collection
of surgical instruments and apparatus was stolen
while he was absent from his home during the
bombardment of the city. Several years before he
had organized in connection with the college a
medical and surgical polyclinic, which he revived
after the war. In 1871 he resigned his chair, and
was elected professor emeritus of the institutes and
practices of medicine. In that year a new chair of
clinical medicine was created, to which he was
elected, and he gave clinical lectures for two years.
His early papers, published in the " American Jour-
nal of Medical Science " (Philadelphia), include re-
views and sketches in various languages.
GEDNEY, Jonathan Haight, inventor, b. in
Rye, Westchester co., N. Y., 25 Feb., 1798; d. in
Mamaroneck, N. Y., 7 Aug., 1886. He removed to
New York, and in 1825 owned the Dry Dock saw-
mill, which took fire in 1829, making so bright a
light that tlie reflection is said to have been seen
as far as New Haven, Conn. By this disaster Mr.
Gedney and his partner were ruined. The former
subsequently turned his attention to mechanics,
and invented the wooden cogs used in the cotton-
gin, and a plough for digging potatoes with one or
two horses. He afterward returned to Rye, and
held several local offices there. In his seventy-fifth
year Mr. Gedney walked from Rye Neck to Dean
street, Brooklyn, N. Y., in nine hours. When
eighty-four years old he mowed for an entire day.
GEE, Joshua, clergyman, b. in Boston, Mass.,
29 June, 1698; d. there, 22 May, 1748. He was
graduated at Harvard in 1717, and ordained pastor
of the Old North church in Boston, in 1723, as tiie
colleague of Cotton Mather, who died in 1728. Mr.
Gee continued in charge of the church until his
own death. He was a member of an assembly of
clergymen that met in Boston, 7 July, 1743, to dis-
cuss the progress of religion in this country, and
the same year published a letter addressed to the
moderator, complaining of the character of the dis-
cussions, asserting the prevalence of antinomian er-
rors among the clergy, alleging that not more than
one third of the pastors of Massachusetts were in
attendance, and upholding the great Whitfieldian
revival. Pie is said to have been a man of strong
mind, unusual powers of reasoning, and the pos-
sessor of much learning, but to have been intel-
lectually indolent. He is the author of a " Sermon
on the Death of Cotton Mather," and two dis-
courses entitled, " The Strait Gate and the Nar-
row Wav Infinitely Preferable to the Wide Gate
and the 'Broad Way" (1729).
tJEER, Georg-e "Jarvis, clergyman, b. in Water- bury, Conn., 24 Peb., 1821; d."in New York, 16 March, 1885. He was graduated at Trinity college, Hartford, Conn., in 1842, and at the General theo- logical seminary, New York, in 1845, and became rector of Christ church, Ballston Spa, N. Y. He became associate rector of the Church of the Holy Apostles, New York, in 1859, and rector of St. Tim- othy's, New York, in 1866, which charge he held until his death, and of which he had been minister in charge since 1859. He was the first president of the P^'ree church guild of New York, and a mem- ber of the general convention of 1874. He received the degree of S. T. D. from Columbia, and that of r^. D. from LTnion in 1862. By appointment of the bishops, he edited and published, with Bishop Bedell and Rev. Dr. Muhlenburg, the " Tune-Book of the Protestant Episcopal Church " (1858). He also published " The Conversion of St. Paul " (New York, 1871).
GEFFRARD, Fabre, president of Hayti, b. in
Anse Veau, Playti, 19 Sept., 1806; d. in Kingston,
Jamaica, 11 Feb., 1879. His father. Gen. Nicolas
Geffrard, one of the founders of the Ilaytian inde-
pendence, died a few weeks after his birth ; and the
boy, who was adopted by Col. Fabre, commanding
a regiment at Aux Cayes, left the college of Aux
Cayes in 1821, and enlisted as a private soldier.
He rose by successive promotions to a captaincy,
and, when Gen. Plerard-Riviere rose in rebellion
against President Boyer in 1843, he appointed
Geffrard lieutenant-colonel, and sent him to occupy
Jeremie, where he was promoted colonel by the
popular committee. He defeated Boyer near Jacmel,
and pursued him as far as Tiburon. After the
triumph of the revolution in 1844, he was appointed
brigadier-general and commander of Jacmel. In
1845 he subdued a rebellion under Gen. Aehaau,
and was promoted general of division ; but, when
President Riche came into power in 1846, fearing
Geffrard's popularity, he had him arrested and
tried by a court-martial, which, however, acquitted
him. Under Soulouque's presidency, Geffrard com-
manded a division of the expeditionary army against
the Dominicans in 1849, being wounded in the bat-
tle of Azua. When Soulouque proclaimed himself
emperor, under the title of Faustin I., in 1850, he
created Geft'rard Duke of Tabaro. In 1856 Geffrard
took part in the unfortunate second campaign
against Santo Domingo, and as commander of the
rear guard protected the retreat and saved the
artillery. When Soulouque's government became
