medical lectures. In 1847 he began the compilation of " Cutter's Physiology," a text-book for schools and colleges, of which, prior to 1871, about 500,000 copies had been sold. It has been translated into several oriental languages. In 1856 Dr. Cutter was chosen to convey a supply of Sharpe's rifles to Kansas, a hazardous task, which was successfully performed. Later in the same year he led into Kansas the Worcester armed company of sixty men. and also the force known as " Jim Lane's army," which he commanded for nearly a year. He was president of the military council in Kansas, and instrumental in the capture of Col. Titus. In 1861 Dr. Cutter became surgeon of the 21st Massa- chusetts infantry, and served in the national army nearly three years. He was twice wounded, and made prisoner at Bull Run. During most of his term of service he had charge of the medical depot of the 9th army corps as surgeon-in-chief.
CUTTER, Charles Ammi, author, b. 14 March.
1837. He was graduated at Harvard in 1855, and
appointed librarian of the Boston athengeum in
January, 1869. an office that he held ten years.
He has prepared a new classification for libraries,
and written " Rules for a Printed Dictionary Cata-
logue" (Washington bureau of education, 1876);
" Boston AthenjBum : How to get Books, with an
Explanation of the New Way of marking Books "
(Boston, 1882) ; and edited " Catalogue of the Li-
brary of the Boston Athenjeum, 1807-71 " (5 vols.,
Boston, 1874-'82). Since January. 1881, he has
edited the "Library Journal" of New York.
CUTTER, George Washington, poet, b. in
Massachusetts in 1801 ; d. in Washington, D. C, 24
Dec, 1865. He studied law, and followed his pro-
fession with success in Kentucky until about 1845.
During the Mexican war he raised a company of
infantry, of which he became captain, and which
subsequently was included in the 2d Kentucky vol-
unteers under Coll McKee. Later he married Miss
Drake, an actress of Cincinnati, and for a time
made his home in Covington, Ky. Afterward he
became interested in politics, and was known fa-
vorably as an eloquent orator. His services were
rewarded with a clerkship in the treasury depart-
ment, an office that he retained during several ad-
ministrations. " The Song of Steam," " The Song
of the Lightning," and " E Pluribus Unum," are
his best-known pieces. He published " Buena Vis-
ta and other Poems " (Cincinnati, 1848) ; " Song of
Steam and other Poems " (1857) ; and " Poems, Na-
tional and Patriotic " (Philadelphia, 1857).
CUTTING, Francis Brockholst, Jurist, b. in
New York city in 1805 ; d. there, 26 June, 1870.
He studied at Columbia, was admitted to the bar,
and rapidly rose to distinction in his profession.
In 1836 he was elected a member of the state legis-
lature, as a democrat. From 1840 till 1853 he de-
voted himself to his large and lucrative practice in
his native city, and from 1853 till 1855 represented
one of its districts in congress, where he was a war
democrat. On the renomination of Abraham Lin-
coln for the presidency, he aided in his re-election,
and thereafter was active in supporting the cause
of the Union. After the war Mr. Cutting retired
froin politics and quietly pursiied his profession.
CUTTING, Hiram Adolphus, geologist, b. in
Concord, Vt., 23 Dec, 1832 ; d. in Lunenburgh,
Vt., 18 April, 1892. After teaching the natural
sciences in the seminary at Montpelier. and in Nor-
wich university, he was appointed in 1871 curator
of the state cabinet of natural history, and in 1872
became state geologist of Vermont. In 1880 he
was made secretary of the board of agriculture,
and in 1881 fish commissioner. He has made nu-
merous experiments on the growth of plants, the
means and proper methods of fertilizing the soil,
and various observations on insects. His publica-
tions include " Mining in Vermont " (MontpeUer,
1872) ; " Meteorological Tables and Climatology of
Vermont " (1877) ; " Microscopic Revelations "
(1878) ; " Farm Pests, including Insects, Fungi,
and Animalcules" (Manchester, 1879); "Notes on
Building Stones, also on Plant Growth " (Montpe-
lier, 1880) ; " Lectures on Plants, Fertilization, In-
sects, Forestry, Farm Homes," etc. (1882) ; " Lec-
tures on Milk, Fertilization," etc. (1884) ; " Scien-
tific Lectures " (1884) ; " Farm Lectures " (1884) ;
and also "Reports of Geologist and Curator of
State Cabinet " (1874-'80) ; " Biennial Reports of
Fish Commissioners of Vermont " (1881-'2 et seq.) ;
and " Vermont Agricultural Reports " (1882 et seq.).
Prof. Cutting has for many years lectured during
the winter months on " The Bible : its History and
Scientific Relations"; "God in Creation," etc.
CUTTING, James Ambrose, inventor, b. in
Massacliusctts in 1814 ; d. in Worcester, Mass., 31
July, 1807. His early years were spent in Haver-
hill, Mass., where he lived in straitened circum-
stances. He invented a new bee-hive, and for
the patent received sufficient encouragement to
settle in Boston, where he then devised several im-
proved processes, but deriving no important benefit
from them, and soon lost all his property. After-
ward turning his attention to the new art of making daguerreotypes, he discovered the process of
making pictures on glass, which after his own
name he called ambrotypes. This he at once pat-
ented, and then disposed of his rights, both in this
country and abroad. He established an aquarium
in Boston, and subsequently the aquarial gardens.
CUTTING, Sewall Sylvester, educator, b. in
Windsor, Vt., 19 Jan., 1813 ; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
7 Feb., 1882. Pie was graduated at the University
of Vermont, and in 1836 was ordained pastor of the
Baptist church in West Boylston, Mass., but soon
removed to Southbridge, Mass., where he remained
eight years as pastor of the Baptist church in that
place. In 1845
he assumed edi-
torial charge of
the " Baptist Ad-
vocate" in New
York, changing
its name to the
"New York Recorder." In his
hands the pa-
per at once rose
in character and
greatly increased
in circulation. In
1850 he retired
from the " Recorder," and was
for a short time
secretary of the
American and
Foreign Bible so-
ciety. From 1849
till 1852 he was
editor of the
"Christian Review," and from 1851 till 1853 was on the editorial staff of the " Watchman and Reflector," published in Boston. In the last-named year he was i-ecalled to the editorship of the " New York Recorder." In 1855, in connection with Dr. Edward Bright, he bought the New York " Baptist Register," consolidating it with the "Recorder," and changing the name to " The Ex-
