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and a theological seminary containing 44 students. Bishop Gilinour has compiled " School Recre- ations," a collection of hymns, a Bible history, and a series of readers.

GILPIN, Edward Woodward, jurist, b. in Wilmington, Del.. 15 July, 1805; d. in Dover, Del., 29 April, 1870. In his youth he was in straitened circumstances, and learned the trade of a currier. He was afterward clerk in a store, but finally studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. He was attorney-general of Delaware in 1840-'50, and from May, 1857, till his death was chief justice of the state. He was a Whig in early life, but be- came a Democrat in 1856. During the civil war he was an ardent Unionist.

GILPIN, Thomas, manufacturer, b. in Chester county. Pa., 18 March, 1728 : d. in Winchester, Va., 30 April, 1778. His grandfather, Joseph, emi- grated from England in 1696. Thomas engaged in farming and manufacturing, became interested in science, and was one of the oinginal members of the American philosophical society in 1769. He aided in establishing Wilmington college, Del., and labored for the construction of a canal between the Chesapeake and the Delaware. In 1777, with other members of the Society of Friends he was arrested by the Pennsylvania government on suspicion of being a loyalist, and taken to Virginia, where he died. — His son, Joshua, b. in Philadelphia, 8 Nov., 1765 ; d. there in 1840, early showed a love for his- torical investigation. He lived in England in 1795-1801, and married an Englishwoman. He urged forward the canal that his father had pro- posed, and witnessed its completion after many discouragements. He published " Verses written at the Fountain of Vaucluse " (1799) ; " Memoir on a Canal from the Chesapeake to the Delaware " (1821); and "Farm of Virgil, and other Poems" (1839). — Another son, Thomas, b. in Philadelphia, 10 Sept., 1776 ; d. there, 3 March, 1853, became an extensive paper-manufacturer, and in 1817 con- structed a machine for making paper continuous- ly. His works were destroyed by fire in 1832. He published a collection of documents connected with the banishment to Virginia of his father and other Quakers (1850). — Joshua's son, Henry Dil- wood, lawver, b. in Lancaster, England, 14 April, 1801; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 29 Jan., 1800, at- tended school in England in 1811-'16. He was graduated at the University of Penn- sylvania in 1819, studied law with Jo- seph R. Ingersoll, and began practice in Philadelphia in 1822. He was U. S. attor- ney for his state in 1832, solicitor of the U. S. treasury in 1837, and attorney- general of the United States in 1840-1. In 1826-'32 he edited the " Atlantic Sou- venir" (7 vols., 12mo), the first American literary annual. Mr. Gilpin was president

of the Pennsylvania

academy of the fine arts, and a director of Girard college. He bequeathed the sum of $57,000 to the Chicago histoi'ical society, and his extensive and valuable library to the Historical society of Penn- sylvania, together with a bequest for the erection of a building in which the library should be pre- served. Besides contributing to periodicals, he published " Reports of Cases in the U. S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 1828-36" (Philadelphia, 1837); "Opinions of the Attorney-Generals of the United States, from the Beginning of the Government to 1841," from offi- cial documents (2 vols., Washington, 1841), and many addresses, and edited " The Papers of James Madison," purchased from Mrs. Madison by the government for $30,000 and published by authority of congress (3 vols., 1840). See " Memorial of Henry D. Gilpin" (printed privately, Philadelphia, I860).

GIOUX, Olivier, French author (known by his pen-name Gustave Aymard, or Aimard). b. in Sevres in 1818. His father shipped him, at the age of twelve, as apprentice on a sailing-vessel, but he deserted at Vera Cruz, shipped on board a fishing-vessel, and visited the entire Gulf coast. He joined a slaver in 1836. and made several voy- ages from Africa to Brazil. In 1846 he ofi'ered his services to the Mexican government, and was appointed commander of an armed brigantine, in which he cruised on the coast of Louisiana, but near the mouth of the Mississippi was at- tacked by a U. S. frigate and after a stout resist- ance was captured and carried to Washington. He escaped and went west, where for several years he was a hunter and trapper. He was captured by the Apaches, scalped, and left for dead, but found by a squaw, through whose care he recov- ered, lie set out for Panama in 1849, and pene- trated into the interior of Colombia and Brazil, living with the Indians like one of them. In 1851 he went on a hunting expedition to Patagonia, fell into the hands of a tribe of the Pehuenches, and was kept a prisoner for fourteen months. On making his escape he went to Paris. He had described his wanderings and adventures in his novels, which include " Les trappeurs de I'Ar- kansas " (Paris, 1858) ; " Les chercheurs de pistes " (1858); " Le grand chef des Aucas" (1858); "Les rodeurs des frontieres " (1861) ; " Les aventu- riers " (1863); "Les nuits Mexicaines" (1863); "L'Araucan" (1864); "Les chasseurs d'abeilles" (1864); "Les fils de la Tortue" (1864); " Une vendetta Mexieaine " (1866) ; " Les Vaudoux " (1867); "Les scalpeurs blancs " (1873) ; "Les Bois bniles " (1875), etc.

GIRARD, Charles, naturalist, b. in Mülhausen, France, 9 March, 1822. He was educated in Neuchatel, Switzerland, where he was the pupil and assistant of Agassiz. He followed his teacher to the United States in 1847, remaining with him until 1850, when he removed to Washington, D. C., and attached himself to the Smithsonian institution. In 1852 he was naturalized as an American citizen. He was graduated at the medical school of Georgetown, D. C, in 1856, remained in the Smithsonian institution until 1859, and for some time was engaged with Prof. Baird in the investigation of reptiles. His publications are " Mammalia," in the "Iconographic Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature, and Art" (New York, 1851); "Monograph of the Cottoids " (Washington, 1851) ; " Reptiles " (in collaboration with Prof. Spencer F. Baird) in Stansbury's "Exploration and Survey of the Great Salt Lake of Utah " (1853) ; " Bibliographia Americana historico naturalis " (1852) ; "Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution — Part I., Serpents," in collaboration with Prof. Baird (1853) ; " Researches upon Nemerteans and Planarians — I., Embryonic Development of Planocera elliptica " (Philadelphia, 1854) ; " Life in its Physical As-