afterward devoted himself to literature until he again took charge of the National library. For some time he was one of the editors of '• El Con- stitueional." His great work is " Defensa de la Autoridad de los Gobiernos contra las pretensiones de la Curia Romana" (6 vols., Lima, 1848), the second part of which appeared under the title " Defensa de la Autoridad de los Obispos " (4 vols., 1856). He also published " Los Jesuitas " (4 vols.) ; " Cartas a Pio IX. con Documentos," " Roma, 6 el Principado Politico del Romano Pontifice," " Dia- logos sobre la Existeneia de Dios," " Defensa de Bossuet y de Fenelon," " Catecismo Patriotico," and numerous political and social pamphlets, in- cluding " Paz perpetua en America."
GOOCH, Frank Austin, chemist, b. in Water-
town, Mass., 2 May, 1852. He was graduated at
Harvard in 1872, and was an assistant under Prof.
Josiah P. Cooke in the chemical laboratory until
1875. Subsequently he was associated in the ana-
lytical work performed in Newport, R. L, under
the autliority of the U. S. geological survey, re-
ceiving in 1877 the degree of Ph. D. from Harvard
for his original researches. In 1879 he was ap-
pointed special agent to the tenth U. S. census,
and was detailed as an expert to make analyses
of coals and iron ores. His report on these sub-
jects appears in one of the volumes of the census.
Prom ISSI till 1884 Dr. Gooch was chief chemist
of the northern transcontinental survey, and from
1884 till 1886 assistant chemist to the U. S. geo-
logical survey in Washington. In 1886 he was ap-
pointed professor of chemistry in Yale, and has
undertaken the reorganization of that department,
which, owing to the development of the Sheffield
scientific school, had for some time been neglected.
The Kent chemical laboratory at Yale, the con-
struction of which was to have been begun in 1887.
was planned by him. Dr. Gooch is a member of
scientific societies, and his contributions to chemi-
cal literature, though few in number, have been of
great value. They consist principally of descrip-
tions of improved methods of analysis, and of new
forms of apparatus, including the " Gooch filter,"
which is now extensively used.
GOOCH, Sir William, bart., governor of Virginia, b. in Yarmouth, England, 21 Oct., 1681 ; d. in London, 17 Dec, 1751. He served with distinction under Marlborough in the low countries, and rendered important services in the rebellion of 1715. In 1727 he succeeded Sir Hugh Drysdale as governor of Virginia, in which office he continued
until 1747. In 1740 Gov. Gooch joined Admiral
Vernon in his expedition against Cartagena, New
Grenada (See Eslaba, Sebastian), was severely
wounded, and contracted the fever from which
many of the English squadron died. He returned
to Virginia, and in 1746 was appointed brigadier-
general in the army raised to invade Canada, but
declined to serve. The same year he was created
a baronet and appointed major-general. In 1749,
after twenty years' service as governor of Virginia,
he returned to England " amid the blessings and
tears of his people, among whom he had lived as a
wise and beneficent father." In April, 1745, Gov.
Gooch made an address opposing all religious or-
ganizations except the established church, and pro-
posing punishments for other bodies that should
convene in public for religious purposes.
GOODALE, Elaine, poet, b. in Mount Wash-
ington, Berkshire co., Mass., 9 Oct., 1863. Her
life has been closely associated with that of her
sister, Dora Read, "b. in Mount Washington, 29
Oct., 1866. The sisters were brought up on their fa-
ther's farm. Elaine learned to read very early,
and began to make verses almost as soon as she
began to write. Her sister also composed verses
at the age of six. In a short time both were en-
thusiastic students, and were educated chiefly by
their mother. After a time the children estab-
lished a monthly paper for the entertainment of
the family, Elaine being the editor and copying
into it their various compositions. A selection of
these appeared in " St. Nicholas " for December,
1877. Elaine became a teacher in the Hampton,
Va., institute, and editor of the Indian department
of the " Southern Workman " in 1883. In 1885
she made a six weeks' tour of observation on the
Great Sioux reservation, and recorded her impres-
sions in a series of papers printed in New York and
Boston journals. In 1886 she was appointed teacher
at Lower Brule agency, Dakota, and in 1891 she
married Dr. C. A. Eastman, a Sioux. She has
published " Journal of a Farmer's Daughter " (New
York, 1881), and the joint publications of the two
sisters consist of the following collections of their
poetry : " Apple Blossoms : Verses of Two Chil-
dren," selected from the work of the preceding six
years (New York, 1878) ; " In Berkshire with the
Wild Flowers" (1879); and "Verses from Sky
Farm." an enlarged edition of the preceding (1880).
GOODALE, George Lincoln, botanist, b. in
Saco, Me., 3 Aug., 1839. He was graduated at
Amherst in 1860. and received his medical degree
at Harvard and Bowdoin in 1863. For three years
he practised in Portland and was instructor of
anatomy in the Portland school for medical in-
struction, becoming also in 1864 state assayer of
Maine. In 1867 he was called to the chair of
natural science and applied chemistry in Bow-
doin, and in 1868 was made professor of materia
medica in the medical school of Maine, and also
a member of the board of agriculture. He re-
signed these offices in 1872, and became instructor
in botany and university lecturer on vegetable
physiology in Harvard. In 1873 he was made as-
sistant professor of vegetable physiology, in 1878
professor of botany, and in 1879 director of the
botanic garden. Dr. Goodale was elected a mem-
ber of the council of Harvard college library in
1875, and in 1881 a member of the faculty of the
Museum of comparative anatomy. He is a mem-
ber of the American academy of arts and sciences
and of other scientific societies. Besides various me-
moirs on botanical subjects, Dr. Goodale has pub-
lished " Wild Flov/ers of North America " (Boston,
1882); "Vegetable Physiology" (New York, 1885);
and " Vegetable Histology " (1885). The last two
with other matter have been combined under the
title of " Physiological Botany," to form the 2d
volume of Gray's " Botanical Text-Book " (1885).
GOODALE, Nathan, loyalist, b. in Salem,
Mass., in 1741: d. in Newton, Mass., in 1806. He
was graduated at Harvard in 1759, and was one of
the loyalists that signed the address approving
Gov. Hutchinson's course in 1774, but recanted.
He also signed a similar address to Gen. Gage.
Early in 1775 he retired to Nantucket, and after
the organization of the Federal government he was
clerk of the U. S. courts in Massachusetts.
GOODALL, Albert Gallatin, bank-note engraver, b. in Montgomery, Ala., 31 Oct., 1826 : d. in New York city, 19 Feb., 1887. His mother, having been left a widow in straitened circumstances, removed with her family to the Creek reservation in Alabama, and engaged in farming, but was driven out with the other settlers in 1836 by the
Indians. She then emigrated to Galveston, Tex., and died the year following. When fifteen years of age, young Goodall entered the Texan navy as
