GOSNOLD, Bartholomew, English navigator, d. in Virginia, 22 Aug., 1607. After accompanying Raleigh as an associate in his unsuccessful attempt to found a colony in Virginia, Gosnold commanded an expedition that was fitted out at the expense of the Earl of Southampton for planting a colony in New England. On 26 March, 1602, he sailed from Falmouth with one vessel and twenty colonists, and, instead of taking the usual southerly course, undertook the direct voyage across the Atlantic to America. From the Azores, to which he was carried by opposing winds, he took a westerly course, and after seven weeks came in sight of Cape Elizabeth in Maine. Thence he followed the coast to the southwest, and on 14 May anchored to the east of York harbor. Here he was visited by natives, and then proceeding south in search of a more suitable place for a settlement, discovered, on 15 May, a promontory which he named Cape Cod. He and four of his men went ashore, and this was the first spot in that region ever trod by Englishmen. Sailing around the cape, and stopping at an island now known as No Man's Land, Gosnold landed at the mouth of Buzzard's bay, and planted his colony on an island, which he named Elizabeth, in honor of the queen, but which is now known by its Indian name of Cuttyhunk. The hostility of the Indians, scarcity of provisions, and disputes about a division of profits had a discouraging effect on the colonists, who returned to England, where they arrived, 23 July, with a cargo of sassafras-root, cedar, furs, and other commodities. Gosnold then organized a company for colonization in Virginia, led by Wingfield, Hunt, and Capt. John Smith. A charter was granted by James I., 10 April, 1606, the first under which an English colony was planted in America. On 19 Dec. of that year he sailed with three small vessels and one hundred and five adventurers, only twelve of whom were laborers, and after a tedious voyage reached the mouth of the James river, which they named after the king. Sailing up the river, they landed about fifty miles from its mouth, and founded Jamestown, notwithstanding the remonstrances of Gosnold, who opposed the selection of this site owing to its unhealthy location. Before autumn fifty of their number, among them the projector of the colony, died.
GOSSE, Philip Henry, British zoölogist, b. in
Worcester, England, 6 April, 1810. He removed
in infancy to Poole, Dorset, where he displayed his
taste for natural history. In 1827 he went to
Newfoundland in a mercantile capacity, and while
there occupied his leisure in collecting insects and
in making colored drawings of them. After residing
there for eight years he removed to Lower
Canada, and pursued his natural-history researches
there for three years. Subsequently he travelled
in the United States, resided in Alabama for nearly
a year, and made a large collection of drawings of
insects, especially of the lepidoptera of that region.
He returned to England in 1839, and in 1844
visited Jamaica, where he spent eighteen months in
studying the geology of that island, and in making
collections. On his return to England he made a
special study of the British rotifera, and has
conducted his more recent investigations with the aid
of the microscope. In 1853 he took an active part
in the formation of public and private collections
of marine animals. In 1856 Mr. Gosse was elected
a fellow of the Royal society. His works, which
are numerous, include the following on American
natural history: “The Canadian Naturalist” (London,
1840); “Birds of Jamaica” (1847); “Natural
History of Birds, Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes”
(1848-'51, 4 vols., 8vo); “Ocean Described” (1849);
and “A Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica” (1851);
“Letters from Alabama” (London, 1859).
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GOTTSCHALK, Louis Moreau, musician, b. in New Orleans, La., 8 May, 1829; d. in Tijuca, Brazil, 18 Dec., 1869. His father was of German-Jewish descent and his mother of Creole birth. At an early age he showed marked musical ability. To complete his musical education, his father sent him to Paris, where he studied the piano with Hallé and Camille Stamatz, and harmony with Maleden. He also formed a friendship with Hector Berlioz, who gave him valuable advice. His first appearance was made in Paris in 1845. He continued his studies in musical composition till 1848, when he gave a series of public concerts in Paris with much success. He then travelled in Switzerland and Spain, and made a European reputation before returning to the United States in 1853. His first appearance in this country was made in Boston, and he afterward played in New York, in other cities of the United States, and in Mexico and South America. After spending some time in Buenos Ayres and Montevideo, he went to Rio Janeiro, where he gave many concerts and projected a musical festival, beginning 24 Nov., 1869. On the second evening's performance he became ill while playing one of his compositions, “La Mort,” and was removed at once to Tijuca, where he died. Gottschalk played principally his own compositions, which are dreamy and sensuous, but without intellectual vigor and force. He executed them with feeling and delicacy of expression, which appealed to the popular taste. His arrangements of the works of others are of no special merit, nor was he a skilled interpreter of the works of the masters. His pieces are chiefly illustrative of tropical and southern life, and include “Le Bananier,” “La Savane,” “Ricordati,” “La Marche de Nuit,” “O ma Charmante,” “Reponds-moi,” “Manchega,” “Grande Valse de Concert,” “Grande Étude de Concert,” “Mazeppa,” “La Moissoneuse,” “La Danse des Ombres,” “Ossian Ballads,” “La Bamboula” (a wild African dance), and Cuban dances. He was decorated with the cross of the legion of honor and the order of Isabella the Catholic. He contributed to the “Atlantic, Monthly,” “Notes of a Pianist,” which were edited by his sister (Philadelphia, 1881).
GOTWALD, Luther Alexander, clergyman, b. in York Springs, Adams co., Pa., 31 Jan., 1833. He was graduated at Pennsylvania college, Gettysburg, in 1857, and at the theological seminary there in 1859. In the same year he was ordained to the ministry of the Lutheran church, and has held pastorates at Shippensburg and Lebanon, Pa., Dayton, Ohio, Chambersburg and York, Pa., and Springfield, Ohio. He has been a successful preacher, and has held various offices in the general synod, as trustee of its college and seminary, and as a member of the boards of church extension and home missions. Pennsylvania college gave him the degree of D. D. in 1873. Dr. Gotwald is a frequent contributor to the periodicals of his church.
