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outshine him. He was not the sort of hero for whom people throw up their caps and shout them- selves hoarse, like Andrew Jackson, for example. But his work was of a kind that will be powerful for good in the world long after the work of the men of Jackson's type shall have been forgotten. The portrait on steel is from a painting by Gilbert Stuart, and the vignette is copied from" a draw- ing by Longacre made at Montpelier in July, 1833, when Mr. Madison was in his eighty-third year. The view on page 169 represents his residence.'

A satisfactory biography of Madison and a com- plete edition of his writings are things still to be desired. His interesting account of the Federal convention is published in Eliot's " Debates." See also the "Madison Papei's" (3 vols., Washington, 1840). For biographies there is the cumbrous work of William C. Rives (3 vols., Boston, 1859-68) and the sketch by Sydney Howard Gay in the " Ameri- can Statesmen" series (Boston, 1884). — His wife, Dorothy Payne, b. in North Carolina, 20 May, 1772 ; d." in Washington, D. C, 12 July, 1849, was a granddaughter of John Payne, an English gen- tleman who migrated to Virginia early in the 18th century. He married Anna Flem- ing, granddaughter of Sir Thomas Fleming, one of the early set- tlers of Jamestown. His son, the second John Payne, Dorothy's father, married Mary Coles, first cousin to Patrick Henry. Doro- thy was brought up as a Quaker, and at the age of nineteen mar- ried John Todd, a Pennsylvania lawyer and member of the

Society of Friends.

Mr. Todd died in the dreadful yellow-fever pes- tilence at Philadelphia in 1793. Some time in 1794 Mrs. Todd met Mr. Madison, and in September of that year they were married, to the delight of President Washington and his wife, who felt a keen interest in both. Their married life of forty- two years was one of unclouded happiness. Mrs. Madison was a lady of extraordinary beauty and rare accomplishments. Her "Memoirs and Let- ters " (Boston, 1887) make a very interesting book.

MADOCKAWANDO, Indian chief, b. in Maine about 1630. He was the adopted son of Assaminasqua, whom he succeeded as sachem of the Penobscot Indians. Their lands, lying east of Penobscot river, were a part of Acadia, which was given back to France in 1667 by the treaty of Breda, though the English claimed that the country between the Penobscot and the St. Croix was included in the Duke of York's patent. The Indians were brought under French influence by the Baron de St. Castine, called in New England chronicles Castin (q. v.), who settled among them, and married a daughter of Madockawando. When King Philip's confederacy rose against Plymouth colony, the eastern Indians and the English settlers in Maine and New Hampshire became involved in war. The Penobscots were the first to treat for peace among the Indian tribes, and offered to enter into an alliance with the English. Articles were drawn and subscribed at Boston on 6 Nov., 1676, and the peace was ratified by Madockawando. The English, however, found a pretext for renewing hostilities. The Indians were successful, and destroyed all the English settlements in that part of Maine. In 1678 a treaty was made at Casco whereby the English were permitted to return to their farms on the condition of paying rent to the Indians. The peace was kept until the territorial dispute with France was brought to an issue in 1688 by Gov. Andros, who went to Penobscot in a frigate, plundered Castin's house, and destroyed his fort. The Indian chiefs took up the quarrel, being abundantly supplied with arms by Castin, attacked the white settlements, and thus began King William's war. In the atrocities committed on this border Madockawando took a prominent part. When the English built Fort William Henry at Pemaquid he hastened to Quebec to carry the intelligence to Frontenac, but divulged it to John Nelson, whose messengers warned the authorities in Boston of Iberville's expedition. In 1693 the English gained Madockawando's consent to a treaty of peace, yet he was unable to persuade the chiefs who were under the influence of French Jesuit emissaries, and was compelled to recommence hostilities. The Indian war continued for more than a year after the peace of Ryswick had been concluded between France and England, and until by the treaty of Casco the Penobscots, on 7 Jan., 1699, acknowledged subjection to the crown of England. In the later operations Castin was their leader, Madockawando having been, perhaps, one of the chiefs treacherously slain by Capt. Pascho Chubb at a conference at Pemaquid in February, 1696.

MAELZL, John Nepomuk, inventor, b. in Regensburg, Germany, 15 Aug., 1772; d. at sea, 21 July, 1838. Of his early life little has been recorded. In 1792 Maelzl settled in Vienna, where he taught music and devoted his attention to musical mechanism. After several years of study and experiment he produced an orchestrion instrument, which was publicly exhibited, and afterward sold for 3,000 florins. In 1804 he made known an improved musical instrument, which he called the “panharmonicon,” and which was worked by weights that acted on cylinders. This attracted universal attention; the inventor became noted throughout Europe, was appointed imperial court-mechanician, and drew the admiration of Beethoven and other noted composers. This instrument was sold to a Parisian admirer for 120,000 francs. In 1805 Maelzl purchased von Kempelen's half-forgotten “automaton chess-player,” took it to Paris, and sold it to Eugene Beauharnais at a large profit. Returning to Vienna, he gave his attention to the construction of an “automaton trumpeter,” which, with life-like movements and sudden changes of attire, performed French and Austrian field-signals and military airs. In 1808 he invented an improved ear-trumpet, and a musical chronometer. In 1813 Maelzl and Beethoven were on familiar terms. Maelzl conceived and musically sketched “The Battle of Vittoria,” for which Beethoven composed the music; they also gave several concerts, at which Beethoven's symphonies were interspersed with the performances of Maelzl's automatons. In 1816 he became established in Paris as manufacturer of his newly invented “metronome,” an instrument of enduring value. In 1817 he left Paris for Munich, and again took up his abode in Vienna. At this time he found means to repurchase von Kempelen's chess-player, and, after spending several preparatory years in constructing and improving a number of interesting and effective mechanical inventions, he formed the enterprise of exhibiting his cabinet of mechanical wonders in the New World. He