report to Maj. John W. Powell, then in charge of the geological and geographical survey of the Rocky mountain region, for duty in connection with the ethnology of the North American In- dians, being, in July, 1879, retired from active military service on account of wounds received in action. lie received the appointment of eth- nologist of the Bureau of ethnology on its organiza- tion at Washington in that year, which office he continued to hold. Gen. Mallery was a founder and president of the Anthropological society and of the Cosmos club of Washington, and was chairman of the anthropological section of the American asso- ciation for the advancement of science at its meet- ing in 1881. He has contributed largely to peri- odical literature, but his most important works, some of which have been translated, are " A Calen- dar of the Dakota Nation" (Washington, 1877); " The Former and Present Number of our Indians " (Salem, 1878) ; " Introduction to the Study of Sign Language among the North American Indians as illustrating the Gesture Speech of Mankind " (Washington, 1880) ; " Gesture Signs and Signals of the North American Indians, with some Com- parisons " (1880) ; '• Sign Language among the North American Indians compared with that among other Peoples and Deaf-Mutes " (1881) ; and "Pictographs of the North American Indians " (1886).
MALLET, John William, chemist, b. in Dublin, Ireland, 10 Oct., 1832. He was graduated at
Trinity college, and studied chemistry at the Uni-
versity of Gottingen, Germany, where he received
the degree of Ph. D. for his researches on the tel-
lurium ethers in 1852. Soon afterward he came to
the United States, and was called to Amherst,
where, during 1854-'6, he was assistant professor
of analytical and applied chemistry. He was then
given the chair of chemistry in the University of
Alabama, where he remained until the beginning
of the civil war, and was also associated in the
chemical work of the geological survey of Ala-
bama. Prof. Mallet took an active part in the
war and attained the rank of colonel in the Con-
federate army. He became professor of chemistry
in the medical department of the University of
Louisiana in 1865, and later engaged in the iron
business near Vicksburg, Miss. He accepted in
1867 the professorship of analytical, industrial, and
agricultural chemistry in the University of Vir-
ginia, which chair in 1872 became that of general
and industrial chemistry and pharmacy. Prof.
Mallet continued this relation until 1883, when
he became professor of chemistry and physics in
the recently organized L^niversity of Texas, and the
equipment of these departments was selected by
him, but he resigned a year later to accept a
similar chair in Jefferson medical college, Phila-
delphia. In 1885 he returned to the University of
Virginia as professor of general and industrial
chemistry and pharmacy, which post he still
(1888) holds. Prof. Mallet's researches in pure
chemistry include valuable investigations on the
atomic weights of aluminium and lithium, and im-
proved methods of analysis. In the direction of
mineral chemistry he has accomplished much, not
only by making analyses of new minerals, but also
in the " Laboratory Communications " from his
students that have been published by him, separa-
tions'of rare earths have been indicated. His spe-
cialty is industrial chemistry or chemistry applied
to the arts and manufactures, and in this branch
he has probably no superior in the United States.
His extended knowledge of this subject led to his
being called to lecture on the " Utilization of
Waste Products" in 1879-'80 at Johns Hopkins
university, and at that time he published in the
" American Chemical Journal " a review of the
" Progress of Industrial Chemistry " for the decade
of 1870-'80. At the request of the National board
of health he undertook an elaborate investigation
as to the chemical methods in use for the deter-
mination of organic matter in potable water, with
a comparative study of the water-supply of differ-
ent localities in the United States. This work has
taken high rank in the literature of water analysis,
and was published by the board in its annual re-
port for 1882. In 1880 he was elected a fellow of
the Royal society of London, and in 1882 he was
president of the American chemical society. The
honorary degrees of M. D. and LL. D. have been
conferred on him. His publications have been
entirely in the line of his profession, and have
been confined to scientific journals.
MALLIAN, Julien de (mal-yan). West Indian
author, b. in Le Moule, Guadeloupe, in 1805 ; d.
in Paris in 1851. He began to write for the thea-
tre in 1825, and acquired a great reputation as an
author of comedies and dramas. Several of his
works have been represented in New Orleans and
New York. Those that are best known are " Deux
roses," an historical drama of the civil wars in
England (1831) ; " Le charpentier," comedy (1831) ;
"Le medecin noir," a drama representing sceneries
of tropical life (1832) ; " Les negres marrons," a
drama of slavery in South America and the West
Indies (1832) : " Saint Denis, ou une insurrection de
demoiselles," comedy (1832) ; and " Le Juif errant "
(1834). Mallian wrote also several pamphlets on
abolition, including " Condition des negres dans les
Antilles " (Paris, 1836) ; " De I'emancipation par
I'education " (1838) ; and " De I'esclavage " (1840).
MALLORY, George Scovill, editor, b. in Wa-
tertown. Conn., 5 June, 1838 ; d. in New York city,
2 March, 1897. He was graduated at Trinity and
at Berkeley divinity-school, was assistant profes-
sor of ancient languages in Trinity in 1862-'4,
and then held the professorship of literature and
oratory till 1872. He received the degree of D. D.
from Hobart college in 1874. After 1866 Dr. Mal-
lory edited the " Churchman," a weekly religious
journal published in New York city.
MALLORY, Stephen Russell, statesman, b. in Trinidad, W. I., in 1813 ; d. in Pensacola, Fla., 9 Nov., 1873. He was the second son of Charles Mallory, a civil engineer of Reading, Conn. When he was about a year old his parents removed to Havana, and in 1820 they settled at Key West, Fla. He was educated at Mobile and at Nazareth, Pa., and
at the age of nineteen was appointed by President Jackson inspector of the customs at Key West. While filling this post he studied law with Judge William Marvin, of the U. S. district court at Key West, and was admitted to the bar about 1839. He soon attained a high reputation and enjoyed
a large practice. He became judge for Monroe county, and judge of probate, and in 1845 was appointed collector of customs at Key West. During the Indian war in Florida he volunteered and served for several years in active operations against the Seminoles. In 1850 he was elected a delegate to the Nashville commercial convention, but declined. In 1851 he was elected to the U. S. senate
for six years. His opponent, David L. Yulee, contested his seat, but it was unanimously awarded to Mr. Mallory. He was re-elected in 1857, and continued to represent his state until the secession of Florida in 1861, when he resigned and at once took an active part with the southern states. He had removed from Key West to Pensacola in 1858. During the greater part of his service in the U. S.
