treaty that the English concluded with the Five Nations, and after the surrender of the place was left in charge of the fort. He was high sheriff of the city of New York from 1G67 till 1672, in 1G69 was a member of the commission that was sent to Esopus to regulate the affairs of that district, was judge of the court for the West Riding of York- shire, and acted as high sheriff of Yorkshire from 1671 to 1673. He enjoyed the confidence of Gov. Lovelace, served as a member of his council, and when the governor was called to any distance from the city, Fort James and public affairs were placed in Manning's charge. While he was thus in com- mand, in 1678, the Dutch fleet arrived and de- manded the surrender of the fort, which, after some resistance, was given up. He sailed for Eng- land, waited on the king and Duke of York, and explained to them the particulars of the surrender, on hearing which the king turned to the duke and said : " Brother, the ground could not be main- tained with so few men." He returned to New York with Gov. Andros, and was soon afterward tried by court-martial on charges of treachery and cowardice. He was acquitted of the former but found guilty of cowardice, and on 5 Feb., 1675, sentenced to have his sword broken over his head and rendered incapable of again holding office under his majesty, which sentence would scarcely seem justified from the facts of the surrender. He retired to the island that had been granted to him in 1688, then called " Manning's island," but since well known as Blackwell's island, where he was Accustomed to entertain his friends.
MANNING, Randolph, jurist, b. in Plainfield,
N. J., 19 May, 1804 ; d. in Pontiac, Mich., 81 Aug.,
1864. His ancestor. Jeffrey Manning, settled in
New Jersey as early as 1676. He studied law in
New York city, where he was admitted to the bar.
In 1882 he removed to Michigan, where he settled
at Pontiac and engaged in the practice of the law.
In 1835 he was a delegate to the 1st Constitutional
convention of the state, was chosen state senator
in 1837, and from 1838 till 1840 held the office of
secretary of state. In 1842 he was chosen chan-
cellor of the state, which office he resigned in 1846
to resume the practice of the law. At the organ-
ization of the supreme court of the state in 1858
he was chosen an associate justice, and held the
office until his death. In politics he was a Demo-
crat until 1854, after that a Republican.
MANNING, Richard Irvine, governor of
South Carolina, b. in Clarendon county, S. C, 1 May,
1789; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 1 May, 1836. He
was a son of Lieut. Lawrence Manning, who served
in the Revolutionary army, at first in the regiment
that was known as " Congress's own," and after-
ward in the corps of " Light-horse Harry " Lee.
Interesting mention is made of him in Lee's " Me-
moirs " and in Johnson's " Traditions and Remi-
niscences of the American Revolution." The son
was graduated in 1811 at South Carolina college,
served in the war of 1812 as captain of a volunteer
company for the defence of Charleston, was a
member of the legislature, and in 1824-'6 governor
of the state, and while holding the latter office he
entertained at his house Gen. Lafayette on the
occasion of his second visit to this country. He
was subsequently defeated as a Union candidate
for congress, but in 1834 was elected as a Union
Democrat and served till his death. His wife bore
the unusual distinction of being the wife of a governor, the sister of a governor, the niece of a gov-
ernor, the mother of a governor, and the aunt and
foster-mother of a governor. — Their eldest son,
John Lawrence, governor of South Carolina, b.
in " Hickory Hill," Clarendon co., S. C, 29 Jan.,
1816, entered Princeton, but was recalled before
graduation by the death of his father. He was
afterward graduated at South Carolina college, and
while a student there married Susan Frances,
daughter of Gen. Wade Hampton. He was engaged
for many years in sugar-planting in Louisiana,
and his works were among the first on the Mis-
sissippi river. He entered public life at an early
age, served several years in the assembly and senate
of South Carolina, when only thirty years old was
defeated in a close contest for governor, and in 1852
was elected governor by an overwhelming majority.
During his term he especially devoted himself to
the advancement of education. He established
scholarships in South Carolina college, and from
his own ample private means aided the progress of
many impecunious young men. He was a delegate
to the convention that nominated Buchanan for
the presidency, and was one of the committee that
was sent to wait on him at " Wheatlands " to in-
form him of his nomination. Mr. Buchanan tend-
ered him the mission to St. Petersburg, which for
private reasons he declined, suggesting for the
place Gov. Francis Pickens, who was afterward
appointed. In the civil war he served on the staff
of Gen. Beauregard, and in 1865 was chosen U. S.
senator, but with the other southern senators of
that year was not allowed to take his seat. He is
at present (1888) the only surviving ante-bellura
governor of the state.
MANNING. Robert, pomologist, b. in Salem,
Mass., 19 July, 1784; d. there, 10 Oct., 1842. His
great-great-grandmother. Anstiss Manning, widow
of Richaid Manning, of Dartmoor, England, came
to Massachusetts with her children. In 1823 he es-
tablished a pomological garden in Salem, which at
the time of his death was unrivalled in the assort-
ment of fruits that were then cultivated, and con-
tained nearly 1,000 varieties of pears, besides sev-
eral hundred more of apples, peaches, plums, and
cherries. His principal object in the formation of
this garden was rather to collect the several spe-
cies for identification, to test their qualities, and to
correct the nomenclature, which had been in con-
fusion, than to grow fine specimens or to originate
new varieties. He was so familiar with the names
and habits of the trees and qualities of fruits that
he could readily identify at sight even the rarest
kinds. His labors in the cause of pomological
science, by the introduction into general use of
the best varieties of fruits, fairly entitle him to be
ranked among public benefactors. He was one of
the founders of the Massachusetts horticultural
society, and one of its most liberal contributors.
His sister, Elizabeth, became the mother of Na-
thaniel Hawthorne, who was educated at the ex-
pense of Mr. Manning.
MANNING, Thomas Courtland, jurist, b. in Edenton, N. C, in 1831 ; d. in New York city, 11 Oct., 1887. His ancestor came from England to Virginia in the 17th century. He was graduated at the University of North Carolina, admitted to the bar, and practised for a time in his native town. Removing in 1855 to Alexandria. La., he took up
his permanent residence there and built up a large practice. • He was sent to the Secession convention of 1861 as a state-rights Democrat, and when the convention adjourned was elected a lieutenant in a Louisiana Confederate regiment. He served with the rank of lieutenant-colonel on the staff of Gov. Moore, and in 1868 was appointed adjutant-general of the state, with the rank of brigadier-general. In 1864 he was appointed an associate justice of the supreme court of Louisiana, and served
