Savannah, owning both teams and slaves. Marshall is mentioned in Frederika Bremer's "Homes of the New World " (London, 1853).
MARSHALL, Charles Henry, merchant, b. in
Easton, Washington co., N. Y., 8 April, 1792; d.
in New York city, 23 Sept., 1865. His ancestors
were natives of Nantucket, where they were fol-
lowers of the sea, and his father removed thence to
the Saratoga patent in 1785. The son was born in a
log cabin on his father's farm, and received a lim-
ited education. He followed the sea. and became a
proprietor and master in the " Old line " of pack-
ets between New York and Liverpool. In 1834 he
left the sea, having crossed the Atlantic ninety-
four times, and was the principal manager of the
" Old line " for thirty years, during which time he
was closely identified with the commercial inter-
ests of this country. He superintended the build-
ing of new vessels, one of which, the " United
States," of 2,000 tons, was after a few voyages pur-
chased by the Prussian government. Capt. Mar-
shall was a commissioner of emigration in 1851-'5,
president of the Marine society, a trustee of the
Sailors' snug harbor, was interested in other simi-
lar institutions. From 1845 till his death he was
one of the board of pilot commissioners. He was
an active member of the Union defence committee
organized at a meeting in Union square. New
York, 20 April, 1861, for co-operation with the
U. S. government, and was third president of the
Union league club of New York, holding this post
at the time of his death.
MARSHALL, Christopher, patriot, b. in Dub-
lin, Ireland, 6 Nov., 1709 ; d. in Philadelphia, Pa.,
4 May, 1797. He received a classical education in
England and came to this country without the per-
mission of his parents, in consequence of which he
was disowned. He settled in Philadel[)hia and be-
came a chemist and pharmacist. His firm fur-
nished most of the drugs and medicines to the
troops of the " Jerseys, Pennsylvanias, and Dela-
wares." His attachment to the American cause
brought him into many posts of honor during the
Revolution, and he was on confidential terms with
the chief members of the Continental congress and
the new government of Pennsylvania. He was
disowned by the Society of Friends for the active
part that he took on the patriot side. On 17
March, 1775, he was elected one of the twelve
managers of a company " set on foot for making
woollens, linens, and cotton," the election being
held at Carpenter's hall. He was a member of the
committee that met at the state-house, 25 April.
1775, to consider the measures to be pursued in
the " critical affairs of America," and of the com-
mittee of safety from its first formation until the
close of the war. His '• Remembrancer " is one of
the most valuable diaries that was kept during
the Revolution. The manuscript was presented to
the Pennsylvania historical society by his great-
great-grandson, Charles Marshall, of Germantown,
edited by William Duane and published (Philadel-
phia, 1839). — His son, Charles, pharmacist, b. in
Philadelphia, 8 May, 1744 ; d. there, 22 Aug., 1825,
received a classical education, entered into partner-
ship with his father and elder brother, Christo-
pher, and on their retirement from the business
became sole proprietor. Early in the 19th cen-
tury he retired from active business. When the
University of Pennsylvania assumed to issue di-
plomas to practitioners of pharmacy and to pre-
scribe the conditions of the grant, the pharmaceut-
ists of Philadelphia felt it to be an infraction of
their rights, and established in 1824 a college of
pharmacy, of which Mr. Marshall, then one of the
most noted men in pharmacy in America, was
chosen first president.
MARSHALL, Edward Chauncey, author, b.
in Little Falls, Herkimer co., N. Y., 8 July, 1824.
His ancestor, Thomas, from whom Marshall street
in Boston was named, settled in that city in 1634.
Edward was graduated at Geneva (now Hobart)
college in 1843, and while a student there invented
the arctic rubber overshoe. He also invented the
register of fares with a dial-plate which is now in
use on several street-car lines. From 1845 till
1847 he was tutor of mathematics in Geneva and
of mathematics under Prof. Charles Davies at West
Point. From 1848 till 1852 he was a tutor in the
New York free academy, and in 1852-'5 a professor
in the Episcopal high-school, Alexandria, Va. In
1871 he held an office in the New York custom-
house. From 1875 till 1885 he was connected with
the New York " Star " and the " Evening Tele-
gram," and he is now (1888) the financial agent of
the American protective tariff league. He is the
author of "Book of Oratory" (New York, 1852);
" History of the U. S. Naval Academy " (1862) ;
" Ancestry of Gen. Grant " (1869) ; and a pamphlet,
" Are the West Point Graduates Loyal ? " the sta-
tistics of which were quoted in congress and aided
in preventing the military academy from being
closed at this time by its enemies (New York,
1862). — His brother. Elislia Gaylord, soldier, b.
in Seneca Falls, N. Y., 26 Jan., 1829 ; d. in Canan-
daigua, N. Y., 3 Aug., 1883, was graduated at the
U. S. military academy in 1850, assigned to the
6th infantry, and served on frontier duty and in
the Utah expedition of 1858. He was promoted
captain on 14 May, 1861, and on 20 April, 1862,
became colonel of the 13th New York regiment.
He was engaged in the various campaigns of the
Army of the Potomac, being severely wounded at
Fredericksburg, Va., and receiving the brevet of
lieutenant-colonel, 13 Dec, 1862. He was on sick
leave of absence from that date until 23 May, 1863,
when he was mustered out of the volunteer service
and appointed mustering and disbursing oflRcer at
Rochester, N. Y. In May, 1864, he engaged in the
Richmond campaign, commanding a brigade in
the Army of the Potomac, and was wounded at
Petersburg, 17 June, 1864. He was one of the
leaders in the assault after the mine explosion, and
was captured after holding the crater during most
of the day. He was a prisoner in Columbus, Ga.,
from 30 July, 1864, till April, 1865, and from May
till July of that year commanded a brigade. He
was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers and
brigadier-general, U. S. army, for gallant and meri-
torious services, 13 March, 1865, mustered out of
the volunteer service on 16 Aug., and on 12 June
became major of the 5th infantry. He was retired
as colonel on 11 Sept., 1867.
MARSHALL, Humphrey, botanist, b. in West
Bradford (now Marshallton), Pa., 10 Oct., 1722; d.
there, 5 Nov., 1801. He received the rudiments of
an English education, and was apprenticed to the
business of a stone-mason, which trade he
subsequently followed. Soon after his marriage in 1748
he took charge of his father's farm, and about that
time began to devote his attention to astronomy
and natural history, building a small observatory
in one corner of his residence. Meanwhile, through
his correspondence with his cousin, John Bartram
(q. v.), his taste for horticulture and botany was
fostered and developed. He procured books and
began the collection and culture of the more curious
and interesting indigenous plants. A large
number of ornamental trees and shrubs in the
vicinity of his house long remained to show his
fond-
