trading bands. On his return in March, 1875, he was ordered to go to Cairo, whete, with orders from the khedive, he organized an expedition ostensibly to open an equatorial road from the Indian ocean along Juba river to the central African lakes. The expedition sailed from Sury on 19 Sept., 1875, took possession of the coast and several fortified towns, and occupied and fortified Comf, on Juba river. On 1 Sept., 1877, Chaille-Long resigned his com- mission in the Egyptian army, on account of fail- ing health, retui-ning to New York, where he stud- ied law at Columbia. He was graduated and ad- mitted to practice, and in 1882 returned to Egypt to practise in the international courts. The insur- rection of Arabi culminated in the terrible mas- sacre at Alexandria of 11 June, 1882, the U. S. con- sul-general remained away from his post at this juncture, and the U. S. consular agents fled from Egypt. Chaille-Long assisted the refugees, hun- dreds of whom were placed on board of the Ameri- can ships, and after the burning of the city, he re- established the jmerican consulate, and, aided by 160 American sailors and marines, restored order, and arrested the fire. Col. Chaille-Long removed to Paris in October, 1882, and opened an office for the practice of international law. In March, 1887, he was appointed U. S. consul-general and secre- tary of legation in Corea. He has published " Cen- tral Africa : Naked Truths of Naked People " (New York, 1877) and •' The Three Prophets — Chinese Gordon, the Mahdi, and Arabi Pacha" (1884).
LONG, Clement, theologian, b. in Hopkinton,
N. H., 1 Dec, 1806 ; d. in Hanover, N. H., 14 Oct.,
1861. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1828,
studied at Andover seminary in 1831-'8, and was
ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in Ohio in
1836. He was professor of philosophy in Western
Reserve college from 1834 till 1844, and of the-
ology from the latter year till 1852. He was then
called to the chair of theology at Auburn theologi-
cal seminary, where he remained until 1854. He
was also lecturer on intellectual philosophy and
political economy at Dartmouth in 1851-'2, and
was professor of the same from 1854 until his
death, also lecturing on moral and mental philoso-
phy at Western Reserve in 1860-'61. He received
the degree of D. D. from Dartmouth in 1849, and
that of LL. D. from Western Reserve in 1860.
He was a contributor to the " Bibliotheca Sacra."
LONG, Crawford W., physician, b. in Daniels-
ville, Madison co., Ga., 1 Nov., 1815 ; d. in Ath-
ens, Ga., 16 June, 1878. He was graduated at
Franklin college, Ga., in 1835, and at the medical
department of the University of Pennsylvania in
1839. He then practised in Jefferson, Jackson
CO., Ga., until 1851, when he removed to Athens,
Ga. He claimed that he performed on 30 March,
1842, the first surgical operation with the patient
in a state of anaesthesia from the inhalation of
ether. In his history of the discovery of anjesthe-
sia. Dr. J. Marion Sims says that Dr. Long was the
first " to intentionally produce anaesthesia for sur-
gical operations," and that this was done with sul-
phuric ether ; that he did not by accident " hit
upon it, but that he reasoned it out in a philosophi-
cal and logical manner " ; that " Horace Wells,
without any knowledge of Dr. Long's labors, de-
monstrated in the same philosophic way (in his own
person) the great principle of anjesthesia by the use
of nitrous-oxide gas in December, 1844, thus giving
Long the priority over Wells by two years and
eight months, and over Morton, who followed
Wells in 1846." He was named, with William T.
G. Morton, Charles T. Jackson, and Wells, in a
bill before the U. S. senate in 1854 to reward the
probable discoverers of practical anaesthesia. Dr.
Long's contributions to medical literature relate
chiefly to his discovery.
LONG, Edward, English author, b. in Cornwall.
England, in 1734; d. in 1813. He became a bar-
rister, and in 1757 emigrated to Jamaica, where
he was appointed a judge of the vice-admiralty
court. After his return to England in 1769, he
published, among other works, a " History of Ja-
maica " (3 vols., London. 1774); "Letters on the
Colonies" (1775) ; and "The Sugar Trade" (1782).
LONO, Eli, soldier, b. in Woodford county, Ky.,
16 June. 1837. He was graduated at the Frank-
fort, Ky., military school in 1855, and in 1856 ap-
pointed 2d lieutenant in the 1st U. S. cavalry.
Prior to 1861, when he was promoted 1st lieuten-
ant and captain, he served with his regiment main-
ly against hostile Indians. Throughout the civil
war he was actively engaged in the west at Tul-
lahoma, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, and in the
Atlanta campaign, as colonel of the 4th Ohio cav-
aliy. and subsequently in command of a brigade of
cavalry. He was lirevetted major, lieutenant-
colonel, and colonel for " gallant and meritorious
services " at Farmington and Knoxville, Tenn.,
and Lovejoy's Station, Ga., respectively. On 13
March, 1865. he was brevetted brigadier-general of
volunteers for gallantry at Selma, Ala., where he
led his division in a charge upon the intrench-
ments that resulted in the capture of that place.
He was severely wounded in the head in the action.
For his services during the war he was also bre-
vetted major-general in the regular army and ma-
jor-general of volunteers, and having been mus-
tered out of the volunteer service, 15 Jan., 1866, he
was retired with the rank of major-general in Au-
gust, but was reduced to brigadier-general through
the operation of the act of 3 March, 1875.
LONG, Gabriel, soldier, b. in 1751 ; d. in Cul-
peper county, Va., 3 Feb., 1827. He was an officer
in the Revolutionary army, fought at IIamj)ton
and Norfolk in 1775, served as captain in Morgan's
rifle regiment in 1776, and ultimately rose to the
rank of major. He led the advance at Saratoga
and began the battle. He was also present at
Yorktown, and took part in eighteen engagements.
LONG, John Collins, naval officer, b. in Ports-
mouth, N. H., in 1795 ; d. in North Conway, N. H.,
2 Sept., 1865. He entered the navy as midshipman,
18 June, 1812, and served in the " Constitution "in
her action with the " Java." He was promoted
lieutenant, 5 March, 1817, commander, 25 Feb.,
1838, captain, 2 March, 1849, and commodore on
the retired list, 16 July, 1862. He was assigned
the duty of bringing Louis Kossuth to this coun-
try, but would not allow him to deliver revolu-
tionary harangues at Marseilles, which so an-
noyed the Hungarian that he left the ship at Gib-
raltar. He was fifty-three years in the service.
LONG, John Davis, cabinet officer, b. in Buckfield, Oxford CO., Me., 27 Oct., 1838. He was graduated at Harvard in 1857, was admitted to the bar in 1861, practised in Buckfield, and settled in Boston in 1862. In 1869 he removed to Hinghani, but retained his office in Boston. He was a member of the Massachusetts house of representatives, and served three years as its speaker. In 1879 he was
lieutenant-governor, and governor in 1880-'2. He was elected as a Republican to the 48th congress, and re-elected to the 49th, serving from 3 Dec, 1883, till 4 March, 1887. He was again elected to the 50th congress. In 1897 he became secretary of the navy in McKinley's cabinet. Gov. Long has published a translation of Virgil's "Æneid "
(Boston, 1879).
