cated him for the same profession, but he became a prosperous merchant and the partner of his brother Jasper in London. In 17(53 he was in- trusted with the representation of the interests of Massachusetts, of which Jasper Mauduit was the nominal agent. He became collector at Southamp- ton in 1765, and wrote several pamphlets in behalf of Massachusetts and of the New England colonies during the ten years of negotiations before the Revolution. His publications are " Considerations sur la guerre presente d'Allemagne" (London, 1760); "Memoires sur les finances et le commerce d'Angleterre," translated from the English of George Grenville (1769); a "Short View of the History of the New England Colonies" (1769); a "Short View of the History of Massachusetts Bay " (2d ed., 1774); "The Case of the Dissenting Minis- ters" (1774); and pamphlets in reference to the American war, treating Lord Howe and Sir William Howe with severity for their conduct in Boston. — His brother, Jasper, wrote " Letter relative to a Reimbursement from Parliament for supporting French Neutrals from Nova Scotia" (1763) ; " Let- ter relative to the Duty laid on Foreign Molasses" (1763) ; and " Letter on Foreign Molasses, the keep- ing up Ten Thousand Troops in America, etc." (1764) — all of which are published in the first series of the Massachusetts historical societv's collections.
MAUDUIT DU PLESSIS, Thomas Antoine,
Chevalier de (mo-dwee), French soldier, b. in Hen-
nebon, Morbihan, Brittany, 13 Sept.. 1753 ; d. in
Port au Prince, Hayti, in 1791. At the age of
twelve he ran away from the artillery school at
Grenoble, went to Marseilles, and, there shipping
as a cabin-boy, visited Alexandria, Egypt, and
other parts of the Orient. In Constantinople the
French ambassador became interested in him and
sent him back to his family, by whom he was re-
ceived with joy. Accompanying Rochambeau to
the United States in 1780, he served with credit at
the battle of the Brandywine, and left the country
with the rank of major. In 1787 he was ordered
to Port au Prince, and placed in command of the
regiment stationed there. When the revolution
began in France he declared himself its bitter
opponent, and took ground against the emanci-
pation of the slaves. With the governor, Comte
de Blanchelande, he refused to publish the decrees
that were sent from France, disarmed the nation-
al guard, and organized a body of royal volun-
teers under the name of the " Pompons Blancs,"
which he recruited from among the youth of the
wealthy colonial families. He also arrested the
members of the colonial committee, dissolved the
assembly of St. Marc, and provoked an insurrection
by a policy of bloody repression. On 2 March,
1791, detachments of the Artois and Normandy
regiments having arrived, the soldiers fraternized
with the people, and proved to the colonial troops
that their colonel had deceived them by means of
false orders which he pi'etended came from the
home government. So general was the indigna-
tion that was aroused by the discovery of this
treachery, that an uprising took place, during
which Mauduit was assassinated by his own men.
He published "Relation d'un voyage aux Echelles
du Levant" (Paris, 1785); and left unfinished a
history of French dominion in Santo Domingo,
which is deposited in the National library in Paris.
See "Eloge historique du Chevalier Mauduit du
Plessis," bv De la Fosse de Rouville (Senlis, 1818).
MAUREPAS, Jean Frederic Phelypeaux, Comte de (more-pah), French statesman, b. in Versailles, France, 9 July, 1701 ; d. there, 21 Nov.. 1781. He was the grandson of the chancellor Pontchartrain and son of Jerome de Pontchartrain, minister of marine and of the king's household, and, although only fourteen at the time of his father's forced resignation in 1715, was appointed the latter's successor on 8 Nov., 1715, but he did not administer the duties of office until 1718, when the regent gave him letters-patent. He became minister of state
in 1738, but was removed in 1749 for writing an
epigram on Mme. de Pompadour. He was recalled
in 1774 and made president of the council, and, re-
storing the exiled parliaments, called Turgot and
Necker successively into the ministry. When Lafay-
ette was soliciting troops and supplies for America,
his importunity was such that Count Maurepas said
one day : " It is fortunate for the king that Lafay-
ette does not take it into his head to strip Versailles
of its furniture to send to his dear Americans, as
his majesty^would be unable to refuse it." See Con-
dorcefs " Eloge de M. de Maurepas" (Paris, 1782);
" Eloge historique de M. de Maurepas," by A. J,
Guyot (1782) ; and " Memoires du Comte de Maure-
pas," by N. N. de Salle (3 vols., 1792).
MAURVILLE, Louis Charles Joseph, Count
Bide de (more-veal), French naval officer, b. in
Rochefort, 17 Nov., 1752; d. in Paris, 11 March,
1840. He became midshipman in 1764, and served
for several years in Newfoundland, Louisiana, and
the West Indies, being appointed to command the
cutter "Le Chasseur," which became famous for
its captures of English vessels in the Gulf of
Mexico. He served also under Admirals de Guichen
and La Motte-Picquet, sustaining with his cutter
off Santo Domingo, on 26 April, 1781, a battle
against several English ships. Again, on 17 Jan.,
1783, he drove an English frigate from the harbor
of Porto Rico, and joining the Marquis of Vaud-
reuil took the command of the vanguard of the
latters squadron. He continued to serve in the
West Indies, and in 1783 joined the fleet of Count
de ^oulanges, which had several encounters with
the English, participating altogether in seventeen
naval battles during the war of 1778-83. He was
made a knight of St. Louis at the conclusion of
peace in 1783. and became a commander in 1792,
but emigrated to England a few weeks later, re-
turning to France in 1802. He re-entered the navy
in 1816 as rear-admiral, and commanded the sta-
tions of the West Indies, but retired in 1830.
MAURY, John Minor, naval officer, b. near Fredericksburg, Va., in 1795 ; d. at sea, near Norfolk. Va., 23 June, 1823. He was the son of Richard Maury, of Huguenot descent, who emigrated to Franklin. Tenn., in 1810. He was appointed midshipman on 16 Jan., 1809, served on the U. S. frigate " Essex " and on the " Essex, Jr.," and became 1st lieutenant on 28 June, 1811. At the age of twenty-seven he was fiag-eaptain of Com. David Porter's fleet, which destroyed the pirates of the West Indies. He died of yellow fever on his return voyage from that service, and was the youngest officer of his rank at that time in the na^. — His brother. Matthew Fontaine, scientist, b. in Spottsylvania county, Va., 14 Jan., 1806; d. in Lexington, Va., 1 Feb., 1873. In his sixteenth year young Maury entered Harpeth academy, then under the charge of Rev. James H. Otey, afterward bishop of Tennessee. On 1 Feb., 1825, he was appointed midshipman in the U. S. navy, making his first cruise in the frigate " Brandywine," on the coast of Europe and in the Mediterranean. In 1826 the "Brandywine" returned to the United States, and Maury was transferred to the sloop-of-war " Vincennes," for a cruise around the world. After the expiration of the cruise he passed with credit the usual examination, and in 1831 was ap-
