near Buenos Ayres. He resigned the office of general-in-chief, 30 Jan., 1882. In 1857 his statue was erected in Santa Fe.
LOPEZ, Juan Francisco, Mexican clergyman,
b. in Guarena de Caracas in April, 1699 ; d. in
Italy in 1778. He was taken prisoner with his
father by the English and brought to Jamaica.
On his "release in 1710 he went to Vei'a Cruz,
where he entered the Society of Jesus in 1715. He
taught literature in S. Luis Potosi and Vera Cruz,
philosophy in Zacatecas and Mexico, and theology
in Merida de Yucatan. He was appointed pro-
curator to Rome and Madrid, and instructed to
ask the pope to place North America under the
protection of the Blessed Virgin of Guadalupe. On
his return to Mexico the governor made him rector
of the colleges of Mexico and Puebla. He was
forced to leave Mexico in 1767, after the decree of
Charles III. suppressing the Jesuit order, and went
to Italy. He wrote a great many works, including
"Vida del P. Jose Maria Genovesi, Jesuita Sicilia-
no, Misionero de Topia v Californias " (Mexico,
1758) ; " Supplex Libellus SS. Pap« Benedicto XIV.
oblatus de miraculosa Dei Parentis imagine Mexi-
cea Guadalupensi " (Rome, 1754) ; " Tabla Topo-
grafica de todas las Casas regulares y seculares y
Misiones de la Provincia Jesuitica de la Nueva
Espaiia" (Rome); and Manual de Parrocos ajus-
tado al Ritual Romano," which was reprinted in
1803, and the 4th Mexican council ordered it to be
used by all priests. The life of Lopez was written
by Juan Maneiro (Bologna, 1792).
LOPEZ, Martin, Spanish sailor. He lived in
the 16th century, but, though his name is often
cited in the history of the conquest of Mexico,
there is no record of his birthplace or the dates
of his birth and death. He was a carpenter by
profession, made several voyages to Cuba, and ac-
companied Francisco Hernandez de Cordova in
1517, Juan de Grijalva in 1518, and Cortes in 1519,
to Mexico always as chief carpenter of the expedi-
tion. After the defeat of Cortes in Mexico and
his retreat to Tlascala in July, 1520, he formed a
plan to attack Mexico by land and water, and
Lopez offered to build proper vessels. He began
to cut wood in the mountains of Tlascala, and the
native chief Chichemecatecuhtli furnished men to
carry the wood to the city. At the end of Decem-
ber, 1520, the timbers for the vessels were finished.
They were then carried, with the iron-work, rig-
ging, and sails that had been saved from the ves-
sels that were burned in Vera Cruz, to the borders
of the Lake of Texcoco. On 28 April, 1521, twelve
brigantines were launched amidst festivities in the
Lake of Texcoco. These vessels rendered good
service in the siege and final capture of the city,
on 13 Aug., and Lopez was rewarded by the con-
queror with great honors and riches. He after-
ward resided in the city of Mexico, where he died.
LOPEZ, Narciso, Spanish-American soldier, b.
in Coste Firme, Venezuela, in 1798 : d. in Havana,
1 Sept., 1851. He belonged to a rich family of mer-
chants, and at the beginning of the war for inde-
pendence in the colony took the popular side, but
soon afterward entered the Spanish army, and at
the close of the war was rewarded with the rank of
colonel, although he was only twenty-one years old.
The royal army having evacuated Venezuela, Lopez
went to Cuba and afterward to Spain, where he
served in the first Carlist war, and was called " the
first lancer in the army." In 1836 he was made
brigadier, and in 1839 m'ajor-general and appointed
governor of Valencia. In 1841 Gen. Valdes was ap-
pointed governor-general of Cuba, and took with
him Lopez, who was intrusted with several impor-
tant posts ; but when, in 1843, Gen. O'Donnell went
to Cuba to succeed Valdes, Lopez was deprived of
all his commands, and in consequence retired to pri-
vate life, where he engaged in commercial pursuits
and undertook the management of copper-mines.
In 1848 the revolutionary party in the island won
him to their cause, and he took part in a conspira-
cy against the government, on the discovery of
which he fled in 1849 to New York. There he or-
ganized a military expedition for the invasion of
Cuba, which was frustrated by proclamation of
President Taylor in August, 1849. In the follow-
ing year he organized another expedition, and
landed in the town of Cardenas, 19 May. 1850, at
the head of about 600 men. He took possession of
the town, but was compelled to evacuate it after a
few hours, and returned to New Orleans to prepare
a new expedition, with which he landed, 12 Aug.,
1851, near Bahia Honda, on the northern coast of
the island, west of Havana. He left 130 men, vm-
der Col. Crittenden, at the landing-place, and with
323 followers marched on Las Pozas. He was at-
tacked on the following day by a body of 500
Spanish troops, which were afterward re-enforced
by 800 under the command of Gen. Enna, and
completely routed them with great loss. Gen. Enna
being killed ; but on the 16th, dreading a fresh
attack, he retreated to the interior. The country
population did not answer to Lopez's appeal for a
general rising, and after several skirmishes his fol-
lowers scattered through the mountains. They
were attacked by the Spaniards, and Lopez, having
fallen into the hands of the enemy, was brought to
Havana, tried for high treason, and executed by
the garrote, while many of his soldiers were con-
demned to hard labor. Some days before Col.
Crittenden was captured at sea while trying to
reach New Orleans, and was shot at Havana, to-
gether with fifty of his companions. Lopez was
the leader of the party in Cuba that favored an-
nexation to the United States.
LOPEZ DE ZUNIGA Y YELASCO, Diego.
Count of Nieva. viceroy of Peru, b. in Valladolid
in 1510 ; d. in Lima. Peru, 20 Feb., 1564. He was
appointed viceroy of Peru in 1561, taking charge
of the government on 17 April. On 14 Dec. of
the same year he ordered Gomez de Tordoya to ex-
plore the river Tono, and on 24 Dec. commissioned
Juan Nieto to conquer the territory of Camana.
In 1562 he introduced several reforms in the capi-
tal, and in the same year the city of Santiago del
Estero (now in the Argentine Republic) was found-
ed by his direction. In 1563 the audiencia of Quito
was installed. Lopez founded the city of Sana, or
Santiago de Miraflores, and Diego Pineda the town
of Chancay, formerly called Arnedo, to which' the
viceroy intended to remove the University of San
Marcos for the pui'pose of separating the students
from the noise of the capital. Toward the end of
that year he commissioned Cristobal de Valverde
to found a town, which was named San Geronimo
de lea. Lopez also directed the division of the
diocese of Chili from that of Peru. He organized
and improved schools for the sons of Indian ca-
ciques, favored the monasteries, founded parishes,
and was the first to establish in Peru the ceremo-
nial and customs of a viceregal court. During
his term of office he ordered and finished the con-
struction of an aqueduct to supply the city with
potable water, passed laws for the improvement of
his government, and sent to the royal treasury
651,000 ducats. He was murdered in the street of
Trapitos in a feud caused bv a love-affair.
LOPEZ Y PLANES, Vicente, Argentine poet, b. in Buenos Ayres in 1784 ; d. there in 1856. He
