ton, Princeton, Germantown, and the Brandywine. In 1791 he was coniinissioned justice of the peace, the only political office he ever beld. — His brother, James, also served in tlie same war. as captain of a company in the Pennsylvania troops.
MURRAY, John, clergyman, b. in Alton, Hamp-
shire, England, 10 Dec, 1741 ; d. in Boston, Mass.,
3 Sept., 1815. He removed with his parents in his
eleventh year to Cork, Ireland. Under the influ-
ence of Gfeorge Whitefield and the Wesleys he be-
came a convert to Methodism, and was an occa-
sional preacher in that connection. He returned
to England in 1760, adopted the doctrines of Uni-
versalism as taught by James Relly, and was excom-
municated at Whitefield's tabernacle in London.
He emigrated to this country in 1770, and preached
in Newport, R. I., Boston, Mass., Portsmouth, N. H.,
and several other New England cities, in some of
which his peculiar doctrines subjected him to op-
position and occasionally to violence. At Glouces-
ter, Mass., where he settled in the latter part of
1774, he was suspected of being a disguised spy of the
British government, and a vote was passed by the
town authorities ordering him to leave, but by the
exertions of his friends he was permitted to remain
and to preach. He was chaplain to the Rhode Island
brigade that was encamped before Boston in 1775,
and was on intimate terms with several of its
officers, including Nathanael Greene and James
Varnum, who united in petitioning Washington to
permit him to remain in that capacity, when the
rest of the chaplains urged his removal. This
connection was soon severed by Murray's delicate
health. After a severe illness he returned to
Gloucester and established a Universalist society.
In 1783 he was plaintiff in an action to recover
property belonging to persons of his denomination
which had been appropriated to the expenses of
the original parish of Gloucester on the ground
that the Universalists were not legally vested with
civil and corporate powers. The decision of the
court in his favor established an important princi-
ple in the constitution of religious societies. He
participated in the proceedings of the first Uni-
versalist convention, which met at Oxford, Mass.,
in 1785, and adopted the name of Independent
Christian Universalists. For many years after-
ward he was a delegate to similar meetings. He
made a brief visit to England in 1788, and from
1793 until his death was in charge of a society in
Boston. From his activity in disseminating his
opinions he is styled the " father of Universalism
in America," but his doctrines differed essentially
from those that are now recognized by that de-
nomination. He accepted the doctrine of the
Trinity, and believed in God as one " indivisible
first cause," in a personal devil, and orders of
angels. His fundamental doctrine as a Universal-
ist was that Christ literally put away the sin of
the whole world, but he distinguished between
universal salvation and universal redemption by
fixing degrees of punishment that were to be in-
flicted before the final judgment, after which all
the world, he believed, would be saved. His pub-
lications include " Letters and Sketches " (3 vols.,
Boston, 1812) and an "Autobiography" (1813,
with a continuation by his wife, 1816 ; 8th ed., with
additions, 1860 ; 91 h ed., with notes by Rev. George
L. Demorest, 1870). — His wife, Judith Sarg-ent,
author, b. in Cape Ann, Mass., in 1751 : d. in
Natchez, Miss., 6 June, 1820, was a sister of Gov.
Winthrop Sargent, and after the death of her first
husband, whose name was Stevens, married IMr.
Murray in 1788. She possessed literary ability,
contributed to the " Massachusetts Magazine "
and the " Boston Weekly Magazine " under the
pen-name of " Constantia," and edited the " Re-
pository and Gleaner " (3 vols., Boston, 1798) and
her husband's autobiography (1816).
MURRAY, John, clergyman, b. in Antrim,
Ireland, 22 May, 1742 ; d. in Newburyport, Mass.,
13 March, 1793. He was educated in Edinburgh,
came to this country in 1763, and held Presbyterian
pastorates in Philadelphia, Boothbay, Me., and
Newburyport, Mass. He possessed great oratorical
powers, which he used in the patriot cause, and on
one occasion raised a full company of volunteers
for the Continental army in a few hours. He also
exercised much influence over his congregation as
a moralist, was an acknowledged political power,
and on several occasions was instrumental in effect-
ing the exchange of prisoners. He published " Ser-
mons on Justification " (1780) and " Sermons on
the Original Sin Imputed" (1791).
MURRAY, John, British soldier, b. in St.
James, Jamaica, about 1774; d. in Brighton, Eng-
land, 21 Feb., 1862. He entered the army as en-
sign of the 37th regiment in 1792, served creditably
in the Netherlands, and was wounded and taken
prisoner at Ostend. When the 100th regiment was
raised he was appointed its lieutenant-colonel, and
was sent with it to Canada, where he became in-
specting field-officer of militia, and in that capaci-
ty led the advance corps in the Niagara district to
keep in check a superior force of Americans. He
subsequently took Fort George, cleared the penin-
sula of the enemy, and carried Fort Niagara by
assault in December, 1813, taking the commandant
and the greater part of the garrison prisoners. In
1815 he returned to England, but he soon removed
for the benefit of his health to France, where he
remained many years.
MURRAY, John Clark, Canadian educator, b.
in Paisley, Scotland, 19 March, 1836. He was edu-
cated at the universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh,
Heidelberg, and Gottingen, and contributed to
"Chambers's Cyclopaedia" and to various periodicals
in Great Britain. In 1862 he was appointed pro-
fessor of mental and moral philosophy in Queen's
university, Kingston, Canada, and in 1872 he ac-
cepted the same chair in McGill university, Mont-
real, which he now (1888) fills. He has published
" An Outline of Sir William Hamilton's Philoso-
phy " (Boston, 1870) ; " The Ballads and Songs
of Scotland" (London, 1874); "Memoir of David
Murray " (Paisley, 1881) ; " Plandbook of Psychol-
ogy" (London, 1885); and "Solomon Maimon, an
Autobiography," translated from the German, with
notes and additions (1888).
MURRAY, John O'Kane, historian, b. in Glenariffe. County Antrim, Ireland, 12 Dec, 1847 ; d. in Chicago, 111.," 30 July, 1885. He came to the United States with his parents in June, 1856, and graduated at St. John's college, Fordham, N. Y. He also studied medicine in the University of the city of New York, and, until his health failed, practised in Brooklyn, N. Y. He contributed largely to Roman Catholic periodicals, and seldom allowed a public attack upon his church or her institutions to go unanswered. He did much to have objectionable references to the Roman Catholic church ex-
punged from many popular text-books. For years he devoted from twelve to sixteen hours a day in study and writing, and this was more than he could endure. The last five years of his life were spent in vain endeavors to rid himself of consumption, which he had contracted from severe study and confinement. He was conversant with six languages, and possessed scientific, historical, and literary knowledge. His books have had an extensive
