third time in 1887. In his particular line, pictorial satire, Nast stands in the foremost rank, and his talent in that respect has been productive of some excellent results, as in the overthrow of the Tweed ring in New York city. He has always been a Republican, but in 1884 he gave the Democratic candidate his support. Mr. Nast's friends in the U. S. army and navy presented him in 1879 with a testimonial in the shape of a silver cup.
NAST, William, clergyman, b. in Stuttgart,
Germany, 15 June, 1807. He was educated at the
University of Tübingen with a view to entering
the ministry, but preferred literary pursuits, and
after his graduation was connected with the press.
Mr. Nast emigrated to the United States in 1828,
taught at the U. S. military academy, and subsequently
became a professor in Kenyon college,
Ohio. He united with the Methodist Episcopal
church in 1835, was licensed to preach, and at the
conference of that body in 1837 was appointed to
establish a German mission in Cincinnati, Ohio.
He proved so successful in that enterprise that in
the course of twenty years German Methodist
churches were established in almost every state in
the Union, and in various parts of Germany, Norway,
and Sweden. Since 1859 he has edited the
German publications of the Methodist church, and
since 1840 has been in charge of the “Christian
Apologist,” the organ of his branch. He has
translated a large number of religious works into
German, and is the author of “Christological
Meditations” (Cincinnati, Ohio, 1858); a
commentary on the New Testament in German (1860);
the “Gospel Records” (1866); “Christologische
Betrachtungen” (1866); and “Das Christenthum
und seine Gegensätze” (1883).
NATIVIDADE, Jose da (nah-te-ve-dah'-deh),
Brazilian clergyman, b. in Rio Janeiro, 19 March,
1669 ; d. in the monastery of Sao Bento, 9 April,
1715. He entered the Benedictine order, became
an eloquent preacher, and^such an excellent logician that he was named Subtil. He took his degree as doctor of theology at the University of
Coimbra, and on his return to Brazil became abbot
of the monastery at Bahia, and afterward provincial. He left three printed sermons and a book of canonical regulations and moral reflections, which
are in the Imperial library.
NAU, Jacques Jean David, called L'OLONNOIS,
French buccaneer, b. in Sables-d'Olonne,
France, about 1634; d. on the coast of Colombia,
in 1671. The surname, by which he is best known,
was derived from his birthplace. He entered the
merchant service when very young, and, after
spending several years in the Antilles, joined the
buccaneers in 1653. He won the admiration of
his companions by his reckless bravery, was soon
in command of a vessel, and his captures were so
valuable and numerous that he was styled the
“scourge of the Spaniards.” His first successes
were followed by calamities, and he lost all he had
won in a shipwreck, but the governor of Tortuga,
who profited by his enterprises, furnished him with
another vessel. He then attempted a descent
on the coast near Campeche, but was defeated.
His followers were taken or slain, and he escaped
only by smearing his body with blood and lying
among the dead, afterward reaching Tortuga in a
boat, assisted by some slaves whom he had promised
their freedom if they would aid him. He
was soon off the coast of Cuba, and with two
canoes, manned by twenty-five men, he captured
a Spanish vessel with ten guns and a crew of
ninety. He killed all his prisoners except one,
whom he sent to the governor of Havana with a
message, saying that he would treat all Spaniards
in the same way, and that he would never be taken
alive. Returning to Tortuga in 1666, he joined
Michel Le Basque, another freebooter, and the
reputation of the two buccaneers attracted so
many followers that they were able to arm six
vessels manned by 400 men. After taking several
prizes, they captured the defences of Maracaibo,
and forced the city to pay a heavy ransom. They
then sailed for the harbor of Gonaives, in Santo
Domingo, where they divided their booty, more
than 400,000 crowns. Nau soon squandered his
share, and formed the plan of capturing Grenada
on the Lake of Nicaragua in 1668. First directing
his course to the southern coast of Cuba, where
he surprised several canoes, he attempted to gain
Cape Gracias-á-Dios, but the currents drove him
into the Gulf of Honduras. He pillaged some
villages on the coast and took several vessels, but
his booty did not equal his expectations, though he
committed frightful cruelties on the inhabitants
to make them discover where they had hidden their
gold, and he lost many of his men. In 1670 he
wished to attack the city of Guatemala, but his
followers did not second him, as it was too well
defended, and, after losing three months in inaction,
they nearly all left him. He was shipwrecked
shortly afterward in the only vessel that remained
to him on the rocks of Pearl-Key, but out of
the materials of his ship built a sloop, in which he
reached the mouth of San Juan river. On attempting
to land he was attacked by Indians and
defeated with loss. After this check more of his
followers abandoned him, and he was shortly afterward
captured and eaten by cannibals on the coast
near the Gulf of Uraba.
NAUDAIN, Arnold, physician, b. near Dover,
Del., 6 Jan., 1790; d. in Odessa, Del., 4 Jan.,
1872. His grandfather was a French Huguenot,
who emigrated to lower Delaware early in the
history of that colony. Arnold was graduated at
Princeton in 1806, and at the medical department
of the University of Pennsylvania in 1810. During
the war of 1812 with Great Britain he was
surgeon-general of the Delaware militia. He was
speaker of the state house of representatives in
1826, was elected to the U. S. senate as a Whig in
1830, and served in that body till his resignation
in 1836. He was collector of the port of Wilmington,
Del., from 1841 till 1845, but removed at the
latter date to Philadelphia, and practised his
profession in that city for several years.
NAVAILLES, Charles (nah-vi'-e), French pilot,
b. in Dieppe about 1270; d. there about 1330. The
French and some German authors name him as
the discoverer of South America, where he is said
to have landed in 1302, near the mouths of the
Amazon. Alexander von Humboldt asserts that
in the beginning of the 14th century there was a
legend in Europe of a large continent far away in
the Atlantic ocean where there was a gigantic
river that had been discovered by a Dieppe pilot,
and Ludovico Muratori, in discussing the origin of
the report, claims that the custom-houses of
Modena and Ferrara after 1306 exacted an enormous
duty on dye-woods, known under the name of
Brasilly, which came from a continent in the
Atlantic ocean that had been discovered by a Dieppe
pilot named Navailles. Antonio Capmany, in his
history of the trade of the Catalonians, also narrates
the discovery of Navailles, and asserts that he
brought home some dye-woods that were formerly
unknown in Europe, and that the Dieppe mariners
for nearly a century had the monopoly of this
trade, as they alone knew where to get them.
