accordance with these requirements, Mayor Will- iam R. Grace, on 31 Aug.. 1887, appointed Gen. Newton to that office, which he filled until Nov., 1888. His services as consulting engineer were re- peatedly sought, and he invented steam-drilling apparatus that have been used in removing rocks in New York harbor. He was elected to member- ship in the National academy ol sciences in 1876, and to honorary membership in the American society of civil engineers in 1884.
NEWTON, John Thomas, naval officer, b. in
Alexandria, Va., 20 May, 1798; d. in Washington,
D. C, 28 July, 1857. He entered the navy as mid-
shipman, 16 Jan., 1809, and was promoted lieuten-
ant, 24 July, 1813; commander, 3 March, 1827;
and captain, 9 Feb., 1837. He was acting lieuten-
ant of the " Hornet " in her engagement with the
"Peacock," 24 Feb., 1813, and was 1st lieutenant
during her action with the " Penguin," on 23 March,
1815. After commanding the steamers " Fulton "
and " Missouri," he was in charge of Pensacola
navy-yard from 1848 till 1852. From July of the
latter year till March, 1855, he was flag-officer of
the home squadron, which gave him the title of
commodore. The last two years of his life he was
in command of the navy-yard at Portsmouth, N. H.
NEWTON, Richard, clergyman, b. in Liverpool, England, 25 July, 1813 ; d. in Philadelphia,
Pa., 25 May, 1887. He came with his parents to
the United States at the age of ten years, and
obtained his early education and training in Phila-
delphia and Wilmington, Del. He was graduated
at the University of Pennsylvania in 1836, and at
the General theological seminary. New York city,
in 1839. He was ordained in West Chester, Pa., in
the latter year, by Bishop Henry U. Onderdonk, in
the Church of the Holy Trinity, and received a call
directly to the rectorship of the same church. A
year later he became rector of St. Paul's church,
Philadelphia, which post he held for twenty-two
years. In 1862 he was called to the Church of the
Epiphany, Philadelphia, where he labored until
1881, when he accepted the rectorship of the Church
of the Covenant. Philadelphia, where he remained
during the rest of his life. He received the degi'ee
of D. D. from Kenyon college, Ohio, in 1862, and
was for many years a trustee of the University of
Pennsylvania. Dr. Newton was distinguished for
his contributions to juvenile literature. He was
very successful in preparing sermons for children.
These have been translated into French, German,
Arabic, and other languages, and are highly es-
teemed. His books include " Rills from the Foun-
tain of Life" (Philadelphia, 1856); '-The King's
Highway'" (New York, 1858); "Bible Jewels"
(1867); "Nature's Wonders" (1872); "The King
in His Beauty"; "Bible Promises"; "Natural
History of the Bible " ; and " Covenant Names and
Privileges." Dr. Newton had two sons, both of
whom entered the ministry. — His son, Richard
Heher, clergyman, b. in Philadelphia, 31 Oct., 1840,
obtained his education at home and in the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania, and prepared for the ministry
in the Episcopal divinity-school, Philadelphia. He
was made deacon in St. Paul's church, Philadel-
phia, in June, 1860, by Bishop Alonzo Potter, and
ordained priest in the same church in 1866 by Bish-
op Odenheimer. He was assistant to his father for
four years, became minister in charge of Trinity
church, Sharon Springs, N. Y., in 1864, was rector
of St. Paul's church, Philadelphia, in 1866, and of
All Souls' church. New York city, known also as
the Anthon memorial church, in 1869. He received
the degree of D. D. from Union college in 1881.
He has attracted notice by the radical religious
views that he has expressed from his pulpit. Dr.
Newton's publications are a Sunday-school hynm-
book and service-book entitled " Children's Church "
(New York, 1872) ; " The Morals of Trade " (1876) ;
" Womanhood " (1879) ; " Studies of Jesus " (1881) ;
"Right and Wrong Uses of the Bible" (1883);
" Book of the Beginnings " (1884) ; " Philistinism "
(1885) ; and " Social Studies " (1886). Some of these
have been republished in England. — Another son,
William Wilberforce, clergyman, b. in Philadel-
phia, Pa., 4 Nov., 1843, was graduated at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania in 1865, and prepared for
orders in the Episcopal divinity-school, Philadel-
phia. He was made deacon in the Church of the
Epiphany, Philadelphia, 18 June, 1868, by Bishop
Stevens, and ordained priest in St. Luke's church,
Philadelphia, 19 June, 1869, by the same bishop.
He was assistant to his father for two years during
the latter's absence in Eur-op(». He has been rector
of St. Paul's church, Brookline, Mass., in 1870-"5,
of Trinity church, Newark, N. J., till 1877, of St.
Paul's church, Boston, till 1881, of St. Stephen's
church, Pittsfield, and of All Souls', New York.
He organized the " American congress of churches,"
meetings of which were held in Hartford, Conn., in
1885, and in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1886. Mr. New-
ton's publications, besides contributions to cantata
music, are "Little and Wise" and "New Tracts
for New Times " (New York, 1877) ; " Essays of To-
Day " (Boston, 1879) ; " The Interpreter's House "
(New York, 1879) ; " The Palace Beautiful " (1880) ;
" The Voice of St. John " (1881) ; " The Legend of
St. Telemachus " (1882) : " Priest and Man " (Bos-
ton, 1883) ; " Summer Sermons " (Pittsfield, 1885) ;
"Paradise" (1885); "The Vine out of Egypt"
(New York, 1887) ; " Prayers of the Ages " (1887) ;
and " A Father's Blessing to Children " and " Rag-
nar, the Sea-King " (1888).
NEWTON, Robert Crittenden, lawyer, b. in
Little Rock, Ark., 2 June, 1840 ; d. there, 2 June,
1887. He was a descendant of Jared Newton,
an Englishman, who emigrated to Westmoreland
county, Va., in the 17th century. He was educated
partly at the Western military institute, Tenn., af-
terward studied law, was admitted to the bar in
1860, and began to practise in his native city. En-
listing in the Confederate army as a private, he
was successively commissioned lieutenant and as-
sistant adjutant-general on the staff of Gen. Thomas
C. Hindman. Subsequently he was made major in
the adjutant-general's department, and colonel of
the 5th regiment of Arkansas cavalry. After the
war he took an active part in the work of recon-
struction. In 1866 he served as one of the com-
missioners that were sent by the Arkansas legisla-
ture to Washington, D. C, to ascertain from the
Federal authorities on what terms congressmen
from that state would be admitted to seats. In
1868 he canvassed the state against the constitution
of that year, and in 1874 he was state treasurer /jro
tempore from 23 May till 12 November. In May,
1873, when Gov. Elisha Baxter decided to reorgan-
ize the militia of the state, he appointed Gen. New-
ton one of two major-generals to carry out the
work ; but, on the advice of President Grant, he de-
termined to disband all the military forces of the
state. The following year, on the outbreak of the
" Brooks-Baxter war " (see Baxter, Elisha), New-
ton was reappointed major-general in command
of the state troops. On 19 May, 1874, the Brooks
forces having evacuated the capitol under the
proclamation of President Gi-ant, Gen. Newton oc-
cupied the yard and grounds, and the next day re-
instated Gov. Baxter in possession of the public
buildings, property, and archives.
