Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/574

received general approbation. He published, be- sides many fugitive essays, " A Treatise on a Ma- lignant Epidemic commonly called Spotted Fever " (New York, 1811) ; " Outlines of the Science of Life" (1829); and " Uncle Toby's Pilgrim's Prog- ress in Phrenology" (New London. 1886). See '• Life and Writings of Elisha North, M. D.," by H. Carrington Bolton, Ph. D. (printed privately, 1887).

NORTH, Frederick, Earl of Guilford, b. in London, England, 13 April, 1732 ; d. there, 5 Aug., 1792. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity college, Cambridge, entered the house of commons as a Tory at an early age, became a lord of the treasury in 1763, and in this year moved the ex- piUsion of John Wilkes. He sup- ported the Amer- ican stamp-act in 1765, and the right of Great Britain to tax the colonies. He was chancellor of the exchequer and leader of the house of commons in 1767, and first lord of the treas-

ury and prime

minister in 1770. His administration extended to March, 1783, and, says a contemporaneous English writer, " teemed with calamitous events beyond any of the same duration to be found in our an- nals." The American war was its great feature, and North's efforts were principally directed to meas- ures for the coercion of the colonies. He proposed the scheme for enforcing the tea duty in 1773, and the Boston port bill the next year, but, although he did not waver in his opinion as to the right of parliament to tax the colonies, he entertained seri- ous doubts as to the expediency of continuing the war during the last four years of his administra- tion, and was induced to persevere only through re- gard to the wishes of George IIL Being defeated in the house of commons on this question, he re- signed, and subsequently joined Fox in opposition to the Shelburne cabinet. In April, 1783, he re- turned to office as a joint secretary of state with Fox in a coalition ministry that was formed by the Duke of Portland, the unpopularity of which caused its dissolution in the succeeding November. He soon afterward retired from public life. During his last five years he was totally blind. Those who were near Lord North in his old age never heard him murmur at his having become blind ; but his wife is the witness that " in the solitude of sleepless nights he would sometimes fall into A'ery low spirits and deeply reproach himself for having, at the earnest desire of the king, remained in administra- tion after he thought that peace ought to have been made with America." Two years before his death he succeeded to the title of Earl of Guilford. NORTH, Simeon, educator, b. in Berlin, Conn., 7 Sept., 1802 ; d. in Clinton. N. Y., 12 Feb., 1884. He was graduated at Yale in 1825, at its divinity- school in 1828, and was tutor there in 1827-'9. He then became professor of Greek and Latin at Hamilton college, held office for ten years, and from 1889 until his resignation in 1857 was president of the college. He was ordained to the ministry of the Congregational church in 1842. Western Re- serve college gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1842, and Wesleyan university that of D. D. in . He was the half-century annalist of Hamil- ton in 1872. President North was an accurate and profound scholar, with a genius for imparting in- formation, and great suavity of disposition. He became president of Hamilton when its affairs were in a gloomy condition, and brought them into prosperity. Plis later life was passed in retirement. His publications include '• The American System of Collegiate Education" (Clinton, N. Y., 1839); " Faith in the World's Conversion " (1842) ; " Anglo- Saxon Literature." an address before the Connecti- cut Alpha of the Phi Beta Kappa society (1847) ; " The Weapons in Christian Warfare " (1849) ; " Obedience in Death " (1849) ; and " Half-Century Letter of Reminiscences " (1879). See " Memorial of President North" (Utiea, N. Y., 1884).— His nephew, Edward, educator, b. in Berlin, Conn., 9 March, 1820, was graduated at Hamilton college in 1841, since 1843 has been professor of Greek lan- guage and literature in that institution. The Uni- versity of New York gave him the degree of L. H, D. in 1870, and Madison university that of LL. D. in 1886. Prof. North has identified himself with the history of Hamilton college, and more than any other has shaped its character and achieve- ments during the last half-century. For forty years he has been the necrologist of Hamilton, and since 1881 has been a trustee of that college. He was president of the New York state teachers' asso- ciation in 1865.

NORTH, William, soldier, b. in Fort Frederick, Penuiquid, Me., in 1755; d. in New York city, 3 Jan., 1836. He was the son of John North, who commanded Fort Frederick, Me., in 1751, and Fort St. George in Thomaston, Me., in 1758. He en- tered the Revolutionary army in 1775, and served under Benedict Arnold in the unfortunate expedi- tion to Canada in that year. He was appointed in May, 1777, captain in Henry Jackson's Massachu- setts regiment, with which he participated in the battle of Monmouth. In 1779 he became aide-de- camp to Baron Steuben, whom he greatly aided in introducing his system of discipline in the Con- tinental army. Later he accompanied Steuben to Virginia, participating in the campaigns in that colony, and was present at the surrender of Corn- wallis. He was appointed by act of congress major in the 2d U. S. regiment on 20 Oct., 1786, and be- came adjutant-general of the army on 19 July, 1798, with the rank of brigadier-general, but was mustered out on 10 June, 1800. In March, 1812, he was again appointed adjutant-general of the U. S. army, but declined. Meanwhile he had served in the New York assembly, where he held the office of speaker, and he was one of the first canal com- missioners. He was chosen as a Federalist to the U. S. senate, serving from 21 May, 1789, till 3 March, 1799. The bulk of Baron Steuben's prop- erty was bequeathed to Gen. North, who divided it among his military companions. Gen. North was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati. He mar- ried Marv Duane, daughter of Judge James Duane.

NORTHEND, Charles, educator, b. in Newbury, Mass., 2 April, 1814. He studied at Amherst, but was not graduated. Subsequently he was principal of the Epps school, Salem, Mass., and for many years superintendent of the public schools in Danvers, Mass., and New Britain, Conn. He was president of the American institute of instruction in 1864. Mr. Northend published numerous school- books, and a book entitled "Teacher and Parent" (1855). — His brother, William Dnmmer, b. in Newbury. Mass., 26 Feb., 1828, was graduated at Bowdoin in 1843, studied law in Salem, Mass., and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He was in the