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I'ile de Cuba " (1839) ; and " Voyage dans I'Ame- rique meridionale " (9 vols., 1884-'47). The part of this work that relates to the geography of Bolivia was translated into Spanish under the title " De- scripcion geografiea historica y estadistica de Bo- livia " (Paris, 1846). He also issued numerous valu- able geological charts.

ORD, Edward Otho Cresap, soldier, b. in Cum- berland, Md., 18 Oct., 1818 ; d. in Havana, Cuba, 22 July, 1883. He showed in his boyhood great mathematical ability, which attracted attention and gained for him an appointment to the U. S. military acad- emy, where he was graduated in 1839. On his graduation he was assigned to the 3d artillery, and served in the Florida war against the Seminole Indians in 1839-'42, winning his promo- tion as 1st lieutenant in 1841. He was one of two lieutenants that were selected by Col. William S. Harney to assist in attacking the Indians in the Ever-

glades. During the

four following years he served on garrison duty on the eastern seaboard. In 1847, with his classmate, Lieut. Henry W. Halleek, and Lieut. William T. Sherman, he was sent to California by way of Cape Horn, and by his individual efforts did much toward preserving law and order in Monterey during the latter part of the Mexican war. In 1850 he returned to the east and was made captain, but alter two years' service in Fort Independence, Mass., he went back to California and was engaged on coast survey duty until 1855. He then took part in Indian war- fare, again participating in the campaigns against the Rogue river Indians in Oregon in 1856, and in that against the Spokane Indians in Washington territory in 1858. He was stationed at the Presidio in San Francisco at the beginning of the civil war. but in September, 1861, was made brigadier- general of volunteers and given a command in the Army of the Potomac. In November he was promoted major and assigned the 3d brigade of Pennsylva- nia reserves. His first engagement was at Dranes- ville, where he defeated the Confederates after a sharp contest of several hours. Following the de- feats of Bull Run and Ball's Bluff, this victory did much toward raising the spirits of the soldiers. Gen. John F. Reynolds said at the time : " I knew if there was a fight to be scared up, Ord would find it." Later he was sent down the valley of Virginia with Gen. Franz Sigel, with the understanding that he should by his advice control most of the movements of the command, but, failing to accom- plish this, he abruptly returned to Washington. On 2 May, 1862, he was made major-general of volunteers and transferred to a command under Gen. Halleek in the Department of the Mississippi. He led the left wing of the Army of the Tennessee under Gen. Grant when it advanced upon luka from the north, and is reported as having " showed untiring zeal," although he did not participate in the battle. In the subsequent fights before Corinth, Gen. Grant says in his orders that Gen. Ord's " forces advanced with unsurpassed gallantry, driving the enemy back across the Hatchie, over ground where it is almost incredible that a supe- rior force should be driven by an inferior, cap- turing two of the batteries, many hundred small arms, and several hundred prisoners." Among these were several field officers and an aide-de- camp to Gen. Earl Van Dorn. He was severely wounded late in the afternoon and had to be car- ried from the field, serving during his recovery on the military commission that was appointed to in- vestigate Gen. Don Carlos Buell's campaign in Kentucky and Tennessee. In June, 1863, he was put in command of the 13th army corps in the Army of the Tennessee, before Vicksburg, and after its surrender, on 4 July, 1863, he was given command of the right wing of Gen. William T. Sherman's army in the movement that resulted in the capture of Jackson, Miss., and in clearing that part of the state of the organized forces of the enemy. He was then sent to New Orleans, but was relieved in October, owing to illness, returning later to his command of the 13th corps, then in the Department of the Gulf. In July, 1864, he was given command of the 8th army corps and the troops in the Middle department, and at once began to quiet the confusion in Baltimore and the surrounding country. After confidence had been restored he was given the 18th army corps in the vicinity of Petersburg, Va. He took part in the movements before that city, and, crossing to the north side of the James, on 29 Sept., 1864, led the forces that carried the strong fortifications and long line of intrenchments below Chapin's farm, known as Fort Harrison. On this occasion he captured about fifteen pieces of artillery and nearly 300 prisoners, but during the assault he received a wound that temporarily disabled him. When the 10th and 18th corps were consolidated he was placed in command, but, owing to feeble health, was ordered to Washington for a few months. After the return of the troops from Fort Fisher he re- sumed command of his corps, but in January, 1865, was given the Army of the James and the Depart- ment of V^irginia. In this capacity he participated in the operations that resulted in the evacuation of Richmond and the surrender of Gen. Lee. Gen. Sherman says that he "had always understood that his (Ord's) skilful, hard march the night be- fore was one of the chief causes of Lee's surrender." He then was given the Department of the Ohio, which he retained until he was mustered out of the volunteer service in September, 1866, after receiv- ing, on 13 March, 1865, the brevets of brigadier- general and major-general in the U. S. army, and the commissions of lieutenant-colonel, on 11 Dec, 1865, and of brigadier-general in the regular army. 26 July, 1866. Subsequently he had command of the Department of Arkansas, the 4th military dis- trict, the Department of California, the Depart- ment of the Platte, and that of Texas. On 6 Dec, 1880, he was retired with his brevet rank of major- general, and on this occasion Gen. Sherman wrote of him : " He has had all of the hard knocks of ser- vice, and never on soft or fancy duty. He has always been called on when hard duty was expected, and never flinched." Gen. Ord then accepted the appoint- ment as engineer on the construction of a Mexican railroad, but died of yellow fever while on his way from Vera Cruz to New York by way of Cuba. The order that announced his death closed with these words : '• As his intimate associate since boy- hood, the General [Sherman] here bears testimony of him, that a more unselfish, manly, and patriotic person never lived."

ORD, George, naturalist, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1781 ; d. there. 24 Jan., 1866. He was an ardent student of natural history, and, although of