naturelle, la temperature, les mceurs, riiidustrie et les habitants du royaume de la Nouvelle Espague " (3 vols., Paris, 1772) ; " Memoire sur I'anomalie de la constitution atmospherique des deux poles " (1775) ; " Voyage autour du monde et vers les deux poles, par terre et par mer, pendant les annees 1767 a 1776 " (2 vols., 1782 ; translated into Dutch, Rotterdam, 1784; German, Leipsic, 1786; Swedish, Upsala, 1788; and English, London, 1791, and Boston, 1798) ; and " Reflexions sur les vents d'est qui regnent entre les tropiques, sur les pluies et le ciel serein dans ee parallele et les circonvoisins " (Cape E'ran9ais, 1790).
PAIGE, Alonzo Christopher, jurist, b. in
Schaghticoke, Rensselaer co., N. Y., 31 July, 1797;
d. in Schenectady, N. Y., 31 March, 1868. He was
graduated at Williams in 1812, began the study of
theology, but soon removed to Schenectady to
read law, and after admission to the bar in 1819
practised in that town. He was sent to the legis-
lature in 1826, and served for four years. He was
reporter of the court of chancery from 1828 till
1846, when the court was abolished. In 1837-'42
he was a member of the state senate. On the in-
troduction of the elective judiciary system in 1847
he was chosen a judge of the supreme court, and
served for four years. He was again elected on the
occurrence of a vacancy in 1855, and held the office
for two more years. In 1867 he was a member of
the State constitutional convention, and advocated
a reform in the election laws. Judge Paige re-
ceived the degree of LL. D. from Williams in
1860. His judicial deliverances are esteemed as
clear and learned expositions of the law. He com-
piled eleven volumes of " Reports of Cases in the
Court of Chancery" (New York, 1830-48), four of
which he revised and annotated in 1856-'7.
PAIGE, Lucius Robinson, author, b. in Hard-
wick, Mass., 8 March, 1802 ; d. in Cambridge, Mass.,
2 Sept., 1896. He was educated at Hopkins acad-
emy, Hadley, Mass., began preaching at the age of
twenty-one, and was aUniversalist minister till 1839.
He was city clerk of Cambridge, Mass., from that
year till 1855, and then treasurer of the Cambridge-
port savings bank till 1871. He has been a justice
of the peace since 1843, and in 1878-9 was a rep-
resentative in the general court. After his retire-
ment from the pastorate he continued to preach
occasionally for thirty years. He received the
degree of 1). D. from Tufts college in 1861. In
the earlier part of his life Dr. Tufts was a frequent
contributor to various theological and historical
periodicals. A polemic in reply to Timothy Mer-
ritt, printed in the "Religious Enquirer" of Plart-
ford, Conn., in 1830, was issued in pamphlet-form
under the title of " Universalism Defended." His
next publication was "Selections from Eminent
Commentators who have believed in Punishment
after Death, wherein they have agreed with the
Universalists " (Boston, 1833 ; revised eds., 1840
and 1859). " Questions on Select Portions of the
Gospels " was published for the use of Sunday-
schools and Bible-classes (Boston, 1838). Among
his published addresses is one delivered on 15 Nov.,
1838, at the centennial celebration in Hardwick
(Cambridge, 1838). He gave many years of study
to a " Commentary on the New Testament " (Bos-
ton, 1844-'70). Dr. Paige is also the author of a
"History of Cambridge, Mass., 1630-1877," with
a genealogical register (Boston, 1877), and of a
"History of Hardwick, Mass.," also accompanied
by a genealogical register (1883).
PAINE, Byron, jurist, b. in Painesville, Ohio,
10 Oct., 1827; d. in Madison, Wis.. 13 Jan.. 1871.
His great-grandfather, Edward, founded Paines-
ville in 1800, and his father, James Harvey, held
the rank of general of Ohio militia, and was an
early anti-slavery champion. The son studied in
Painesville academy and in 1849 was admitted to
the bar of Milwaukee, whither his father removed
in 1847. He was judge of the Milwaukee county
court from 1856 till 1859, and associate justice of
the state supreme court from 1859 till 1864. He
attracted much attention in 1854 as defendant for
Sherman M. Booth in his trial for aiding in the
rescue of Joseph Glover, a fugitive slave, who had
been captured by his master and confined in the
Milwaukee jail. In after-years Judge Paine was
active in establishing the right of negro suffrage.
He entered the National army as lieutenant-colonel
of the 43d Wisconsin infantry on 10 Aug., 1864,
and served till he was mustered out on 27 Nov.,
1865. From 1867 until his death he was an asso-
ciate justice of the supreme court of Wisconsin,
and from 1868 till 1871 was professor of law in the
University of Wisconsin, from which institution
he received the degree of LL. D. in 1869.
PAINE, Eleazar A., soldier, b. in Parkman, Geauga co., Ohio, 10 Sept., 1815 ; d. in Jersey City, N. J., 16 Dec, 1882. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1839, and assigned to the 1st infantry, served in the Florida war of 1839-'40, and resigned on 11 Oct., 1840. He then studied law and practised in Painesville, Ohio, from 1843 till 1848, and in Monmouth, 111., from 1848 till 1861, and served in the legislature of Illinois in 1852-'3. In 1842-'5 he was deputy U. S. marshal for Ohio, and also lieutenant-colonel in the Ohio militia, and he held the rank of brigadier-general from 1845 till 1848. He was appointed colonel of the 9th Illinois volunteers on 26 July, 1861, and served throughout the civil war, being made brigadier-general of volunteers on 3 Sept., 1861, and leading a brigade in Paducah. Ky.. in 1861, and in Cairo, III, in 1862. On 12 March, 1862, he was assigned to the command of the first division of the Army of the Mississippi, under Gen. John Pope, and participated in the battle of New Madrid, Mo., which terminated in its capture, 21 March, 1862. He was also present at the capture of Island No. 10, and took part in the advance on Corinth, the evacuation of which was materially hastened by his operations, his troops being engaged with the C'onfederates at Parraington. 9 May, 1862. He was in command of Gallatin, Tenn., and guarded the railroad from Mitchellsville to Nashville, Tenn., from 24 Nov., , till 4 May, 1864, and was in command of the district of Western Kentucky from 18 July till 11 Sept., 1864. Gen. Paine was a personal friend of President Lincoln, from whom he received many commendations for efficient service. He resigned on 5 April, 1805. — His cousin, Halbert Eleazar, soldier, b. in Chardon, Ohio, 4 Feb., 1826. After his graduation at Western Reserve in 1845 he studied law, was admitted to the bar of Cleveland in 1848, and removed to Milwaukee in 1857. He entered the National army in July, 1861, as colonel of the 4th Wisconsin regiment, and became brigadier-general of volunteers on 13 March, 1863. He served mainly in the Army of the Gulf, and lost a leg in the last assault on Port Hudson, La., where he commanded the 3d division of the 19th corps. He defended Washington during Gen. Jubal A. Early's raid in 1864, was brevetted major-general of volunteers on 13 March, 1865, and resigned on 15 May of that year. He was afterward elected to congress from Wisconsin as a Republican, serving from 4 Dec, 1865, till 3 March, 1871, and was instrumental in the passage of a bill, dated 19 Dec, 1869, that provided for taking meteorological observations in the
