borgian church at Elmwood,Mass. In 1866, at the organization of the theological school of the gen- eral convention of the New Jerusalem church, now located in Boston, Mass., he was appointed teacher of Hebrew, which place he continued to hold. In 1875 Colby university conferred on him the degree of LL. I). He published " Solomon's Temple, or the Tabernacle ; The First Temple ; House of the King, or House of the Forest of Lebanon ; Idola- trous High Places ; The City on the Mountain ; The Oblation of the Holy Portion : and The Last Temple'" (Boston, 1861); and "Solomon's Temple and Capitol, Ark of the Flood and Tabernacle, or the Holy Houses of the Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, Samaritan, Septuagint, Coptic, and Itala Scrip- tures" (Boston, 1885).
PAINE, Horace Marshfleld, physician, b. in
Paris, Oneida co., N. Y., 19 Nov., 1827. He was
educated at Newark, N. J., graduated in medicine
at the University of the city of New York in 1849,
and began to practise as a homceopathist in Albany,
where he has continued, with the exception of the
years 1855-'6o, when he was in Clinton, N. Y. Dr.
Paine has been identified with the liberal branch
of his school, rejecting many of the theories of its
founder. He has made many efforts toward the
union of all qualified medical practitioners with-
out regard to therapeutic belief, and the present
standing of homoeopathy is due largely to his la-
bors. He is the inventor of various appliances for
the treatment of uterine disorders, and is a mem-
ber of numerous medical associations. In 1887
he was elected president of the State homoeopathic
medical society. He was an editor of the " Medical
Union " of New York in 187o-'4, and is the author
of many contributions to medical literature. — His
brother, Johu Alsop, arehieologist, b. in Newark,
N. J., 14 Jan., 1840, was graduated at Hamilton in
1859 and at Andover theological seminary in 1862,
but was not ordained till 1867. Having engaged in
original investigations in several branches of sci-
ence and natural history, especially in that of bot-
any, he made many additions to the flora of the
state of New York, under the appointment and by
the aid of the regents of the University of New
York, who published his " Plants of Oneida Counly
and Vicinity" (Albany, 1865), he was appointed
to the chair of natural science at Robert college,
Constantinople, in 1867, which post he held until
1869, and from which he received the degree of
Ph.D. in 1874. In 1870 he was appointed pro-
fessor of natural history and German at Lake
Forest university. 111. In 1871 he became an asso-
ciate editor of the "Independent." In 1872 he
was appointed archsologist to the first expedition
that was sent by the Palestine exploration society
to regions east of the Jordan and the Dead sea. In
1873 he discovered and deciphered one Roman and
two Greek inscriptions near Beirut, Syria, the chief
one of which, in Greek, he made the subject of a
special report, and it was published in tihe " Sec-
ond Statement " of the society (1873). His reports
of the discoveries during the first season of the ex-
pedition, chiefly the identification of Mount Pis-
gah, comprise the " Third Statement " issued by the
society. In 1882-4 he edited and published The
Journal of Christian Philosophy," and in 1887 he
became a member of the editorial staff of the dic-
tionary that is in preparation by the Century com-
pany. Prof. Paine is a member of various learned
societies. He has contributed a large number of
articles on oriental subjects to magazines and pe-
riodicals, and has now (1888) in preparation an
abridgment of Dr. Edward Robinson's "Biblical
Researches in Palestine." supplemented by a review
of all discoveries and results that have been more
recently added in sacred geography.
PAINE, John Knowles, musician, b. in Portland, Me., 9 Jan., 1839. He studied music under Hermann Kotzschmar in his native town, and made his first appearance there as an organist in 1857. In 1858 he went to Berlin, Germany, where he remained three years, studying the organ, composition, instrumentation, and singing under Haupt, Wieprecht, and others. He gave several
organ concerts in Germany, made an artistic tour in 1865-'6, and returned to the United States. In 1872 he was appointed instructor of music at Harvard, and in 1876 received the full title of professor of music, being the first occupant of the chair at that university. He directed his "Mass" at the
Singakademie in Berlin in February, 1867, and his oratorio of "St. Peter" at Portland on 3 June, 1873. His first symphony was brought out by Theodore Thomas in Boston, 6 Jan., 1876. Many of his orchestral works have been performed in the principal cities in the United States. He composed the Centennial Hymn, to the words of John G. Whittier, that was sung at the opening of the exhibition in Philadelphia, 1876. One of his most remarkable works is the music to the "Œdipus Tyrannus" of Sophocles, as performed in Greek at the Sanders theatre, Cambridge, in May, 1881. No attempt was
made to reproduce, in an antiquarian spirit, the crude music of the ancient Greeks, about which very little is really known; but the most complete resources of modern chorus and orchestra were brought to bear upon the task of rendering the peculiar and subtle religious sentiment of the Greek tragic drama. The result is a work of wonderful sublimity. Among his later compositions may especially be noticed the cantata "Phoebus, arise," words by Drummond, of Hawthornden (1882); Keats's "Realm of Fancy," for chorus, quartet, and orchestra (1882); Milton's "Nativity," for chorus, solos, and orchestra, composed for the
Handel and Haydn festival in Boston (1883); "A
Song of Promise," cantata composed for the Cincinnati festival. May, 1888, being a grand national hymn. He is now (1888) composing an opera, upon a medieval theme, to libretto written by himself. His other works include the second or "Spring" symphony, an overture to "As you Like It," a symphonic fantasia on Shakespeare's "Tempest," and many songs, motets, organ-preludes, string quartets, trios, duos, sonatas, and lighter pieces for the piano. By eminent critics in Germany, Prof. Paine is ranked among the foremost living composers.
PAINE. Robert, M. E. bishop, b. in Person county, N. C, 12 Nov., 1799 ; d. in Aberdeen, Miss., 20 Oct., 1882. On 9 Oct., 1817, he united with the Methodist church, and began to preach at once
as a licentiate. He was ordained deacon in 1821 and elder in 1823. For three years he was presiding elder of the Nashville district, and in 1830 he was elected president of La Grange college, Ala., which office he filled for sixteen years. He was several times a member of the conference of his church, and in 1844 he led the delegation. In that year he was a leader in the debates that
preceded the division of the church. He was chairman of the committee of nine that reported the plan of separation, of a committee to draw up a declaration of the intention of the delegates of the southern states, and a member of the Louisville convention in 1845, which organized the Methodist Episcopal church, south, and he exerted a powerful influence in favor of the claims of the southern church to a division of the property. In
1846, at the first general conference of the new
