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ties and communicated the royal decree, ordering the arrest of the viceroy by one of the judges of the supreme court. Villena was sent to the con- vent of Churubusco, but after a few days he was permitted to reside in San Martin de Texmeluean, whence he left for Spain in September. Diiring Palafox's short gOTernment he ordered the de- struction of many Aztec idols, statues, and other valuable antiquities, which had been preserved by former viceroys. He delivered the ex- ecutive, on 23 Nov., 1642, to the new viceroy, Count de Salvatierra, and re- signed the archbish- opric, but continued his inspection of the audiencias and gov-

ernment offices till

1645, when he returned to Puebla. In 1647 his controversies with the Jesuits began, which at one time threatened to result in armed hostilities, and required the inter- vention of the temporal authorities. Palafox fos- tered education and protected the Indians, but in 1649 he was ordered to appear at court. He was appointed president of the supreme council of Ara- gon, and when judgment in his favor was given in Rome in regard to the Puebla controversies, he was given the see of Osma in 1653. Besides nearly 100 ecclesiastical works, he wrote the following : " De la Naturaleza del Indio," " Sitio y socorro de Fuente- Rabia," " Respuesta al Marques de Villena," and " Tratado de Ortografia," all reprinted in Madrid in 1762, and "Cartas al R. P. Andres de Rada, Provincial de la Compania de Jesus in Mexico," reprinted in Madrid in 1768.

PALFREY, Wanyick, journalist, b. in Salem, Mass., in 1787; died there, 23 Aug.. 1838. He was descended from Peter, the first settler at Salem. He began his apprenticeship in the "Essex Regis- ter "office in 1801, and was its editor from 1805 till his death. Mr. Palfrey was a member of the city council of Salem, and of both branches of the Massachusetts legislature for several years. He was the author of " Evangelical Psalms" (1802).

PALFREY, William (paulfry), patriot, b. in Boston, Mass., in 1741 ; d. at sea in December. 1780. He was active in the movements that pre- ceded the Revolution, and visited England in 1771. He was aide to Washington from March till April, 1776, when he was appointed paymaster-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In November, 1780, he was appointed consul-general in France by a unanimous vote of congress, and embarked in a ship for that country, which was never heard of after she had left the capes. — His grandson. John Gorhaiu, author, b. in Boston, Mass., 2 May, 1796 ; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 26 April, 1881, received his elementary education at a boarding-school kept by the father of John Howard Payne at Exeter, and was graduated at Harvard in 1815. He afterward studied theology, and was ordained pastor of the Brattle street Unitarian church. Boston, 17 June, 1818, as successor to Edward Everett. His pastor- ate continued until 1830, when he resigned, and in 1831 he was appointed professor of sacred literature in Harvard, which chair he held till 1839. During the period of his professorship he was one of three preachers in the University chapel, and dean of the theological faculty. He was a member of the house of representatives during 1842-'3, secretary of state in 1844-'8, and was a member of congress from Mas- sachusetts, having been chosen as a Whig, from 6 Dec, 1847, till 3 March, 1849. In the election of 1848 he was a Free-soil candidate, but was defeated. He was postmaster of Boston from 29 March, 1861, till May, 1867, and after his retirement went to Europe, where he represented the United States at the Anti-slavery congress in Paris in the autumn of 1867. After his return he made his residence in Cambridge. He was an early anti-slavery advo- cate, and liberated and provided for numerous slaves in Louisiana that had been bequeathed to him. He was editor of the " North American Re- view " in 1835-'43, delivered a course of lectures before the Lowell institute in Boston in 1839 and 1842, contributed in 1846 a series of articles on " The Progress of the Slave Power " to the " Boston Whig," and was in 1851 one of the editors of the " Commonwealth " newspaper. Pie was the author of two discourses on " The History of Brattle Street Church"; '"Life of Col. William Palfrey," in Sparks's "American Biography"; "A Review of Lord Mahon's History of England," in the " North American Review " ; and also published, among other works, "Academical Lectures on the Jewish Scriptures and Antiquities " (4 vols., Boston, 1833- '52), " Elements of Chaldee, Syriac, Samaritan, and Rabbinical Grammar " (1835) ; " Discourse at Barnstable, 3 Sept., 1839, at the Celebration of the Second Centennial Anniversary of the Set- tlement of Cape Cod " (1840) ; " Abstract of the Returns of Insurance Companies of Massachu- setts, 1 Dec, 1846 " (1847); "The Re- lation between Ju- daism and Chris- tianity " (1854) ; and " History of New England to 1875 " (4 vols., 1858 -'64). — John Gorham's daugh- ter, Sara Ham- mond, author, b. in Boston, 11 Dec, 1823, was educated privately in Bos- ton and Cam- bridge. Miss Pal- frey has written both in prose and verse, generally

under the pen-name of

published " Premices," " Herman, or Young Knighthood " (1866) ; " Sir Pavon and St. Pavon " (1867) ; " Agnes Wentworth " (Philadelphia. 1869) ; " The Chapel " (New York, 1880) : and " The Blossoming Rod " (Boston, 1887). — John Gorham's son, Francis Winthrop, lawyer, b. in Boston, 11 April, 1831 ; d. in Cannes, France, 5 Dec, 1889, was graduated at Harvard in 1851, and at the law-school in 1853. He served in the civil war as lieutenant-colonel and colonel of the 20th Massachusetts volunteer infantry, and was brevetted brigadier-general. Gen. Palfrey was a register in bankruptcy after 1872. He is the author of " A Memoir of Wifliam F. Bartlett " (Boston, 1879) ; "Antietam and Fredericksburg," being vol. v. of " Campaigns of the Civil War " (New Y'ork, 1882) ; parts of the first volume of " Military Papers of the Historical Societv of Massachusetts " ; and various E. Foxton." She has poems (Boston, 1855) ;