years, subsequently was in charge of the " Mission- ary Register of the Presbyterian Church," and in 1860 was joint editor of the " Missionary Record of the Lower Provinces." He was secretary of the board of home missions for several years, a member of the foreign missionary board, and a founder of the fund for the widows and orphans of ministers of the Presbyterian church. He has also engaged in archfeological studies, and made a large collec- tion of the remains of the aboriginal tribes of Nova Scotia. His publications include many essays, pamphlets, and addresses, and " Memoir of Rev. James McGregor, with Notices of the Colonization of the Lower Provinces of British North America " (Philadelphia, 1859) : " Memoirs of the Rev. S. F. Johnston, Rev. J. W. Matheson, and Mrs. Mary J. Matheson, with Selections from their Diaries and Correspondence " (Pictou, N. S., 1864) ; " The Doctrine of the Trinity, underlying the Revelation of Redemption" (Edinburgh, 1870); "History of the County of Pictou " (Montreal, 1877); "Mis- sionary Life among the Cannibals, being the Life of the Rev. John Gedderd " (1883) ; and the " Heathen World " (Toronto, 1884).
PATTERSON, James Willis, senator, b. in
Henniker. N. H., 2 July, 1823 ; d. in Hanover. N. H.,
4 May, 1893. He was graduated at Dartmouth, and
studied divinity at Yale, but was not licensed to
preach. He was tutor at Dartmouth, professor of
mathematics there in 1854-'9,and occupied the chair
of astronomy and meteorology from the latter date
till 1865. lie was school commissioner for Grafton
county in 1858-61, and at the same time secretary
of the state board of education, and prepared the
state reports for five years. He was in the legisla-
ture in 1862, was elected to congress as a Republi-
can in the same year, served till 1867, and in 1866
was chosen U. S. senator, serving one term, during
which he was the author of the measure constitut-
ing consular clerkships, and the bill for establish-
ing colored schools in the District of Columbia,
and was chairman of the committee on the District
of Columbia and of that on retrenchment and re-
form. At the close of the congressional investiga-
tion of the Credit Mobilier (see Ames, Oakes) the
senate committee reported a resolution expelling
Mr. Patterson, 27 Feb., 1873 ; but no action was
taken upon it. and five days later his term expired.
He was a regent of the Smithsonian institution in
1864-'5, and was a delegate to the Philadelphia
loyalists' convention in 1866. In 1877-'8 he was
again a member of the New Hampshire legisla-
ture, and in 1885 he was appointed state superin-
tendent of public instruction in New Hampshire.
Iowa college gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1868.
In 1880 he was the orator at the unveiling of the
soldiers' monument in Marietta, Ohio.
PATTERSON, John James, senator, b. in
Waterloo, Juniata co., Pa., 8 Aug., 1830. He was
graduated at Jefferson college. Pa., in 1848. edited
the Juniata "Sentinel" in the interest of Gen.
Winfield Scott in the presidential campaign in
1852. and for ten subsequent years the " Harrisburg
Telegraph." He then engaged in banking and in
the management of railroads, and in 1858-'61 was
in the legislature. He served in the National army
on Gen. Seth Williams's staff during the civil war.
In 1869 he removed to South Carolina. He was
elected to the U. S. senate as a Republican in 1872,
and served one term.
PATTERSON, Joseph, banker, b. near Norris-
town, Pa., 3 Feb., 1808; d. in Philadelphia, 25
Sept., 1887. His father. John, was a native of Ire-
land, and his mother, Elizabeth Stuart, was the
only daughter of Col. Christopher Stuart, an officer
in the Revolutionary army, who was second in
command at the storming of Stony Point. The son
engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1842, when he
became president of what is now the Western
national bank. He afterward was largely engaged
as a dealer and shipper of anthracite coal, and
owned large collieries in Schuylkill county, but
continued president of the bank till his death. On
15 Aug.. 1861, Mr. Patterson participated in the
memorable conference in New York between Sec.
Chase and representatives of the banking interests
of Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. The secre-
tary asked for a loan of $50,000,000 in gold to aid
in defraying the expenses of the war. In view of
the alarming condition of the nation's finances, the
assembled bankers hesitated to accede to his re-
quest. Then Mr. Patterson made an eloquent ap-
peal in behalf of the government, convincing those
present that they should furnish the needed money,
and the associated banks of the three cities lent
the government at that time $50,000,000 at par,
and later in the same year $100,000,000 more.
From that time the secretary was accustomed to
consult ]Mr. Patterson regarding the financial policy
of the government, and his successors in office fol-
lowed his example. He declined the controller-
ship of the currency twice, and also the post of
assistant U. S. treasurer at Philadelphia. Through-
out the civil war he was treasurer of the Christian
commission. From 1869 until his death he was
president of the Philadelphia clearing-house asso-
ciation. — His son, Christopher Stuart, b. in
Philadelphia, Pa., 24 June, 1842, was graduated at
the University of Pennsylvania in 1860, admitted
to the bar in 1865, and elected professor of the law
of real estate and conveyancing in the University
of Pennsylvania in 1887. He is the author of a
" Memoir' of Theodore Cuyler " (Philadelphia,
1879), and " Railway Accident Law — the Liability
of Railways for Injuries to the Person " (1886).
PATTERSON, Morris, philanthropist, b. in
Philadelphia, Pa., 26 Oct., 1809 ; d. there. 23 Oct.,
1878. He was left fatherless at ten, and the rudi-
ments of his business education were received at
the Philadelphia public schools prior to his four-
teenth year, at which age he entered business, to
assist in the support of his mother. From dealing
in coal he soon became interested in mining, and
he was one of the pioneers in anthracite coal-mining
in Schuylkill county, bringing his outputs to mar-
ket in his own boats through the Schuylkill canal.
He also established an extensive coal-trade in Pitts-
burg and the west. He was one of the canvassers
for stock of the Pennsylvania railroad, and one of
its organizers and original stockholders. He was
active in the affairs of the Presbyterian church, a
humanitarian in his dealings with his workingmen,
the founder of the Pennsylvania working home for
blind men, and took active and substantial interest
in philanthropic movements in Philadelphia.
PATTERSON, Robert, pioneer, b. in Bedford
county, Pa., 15 March, 1753; d. in Dayton, Ohio, 5
Aug., 1827. He emigrated to Kentucky in 1775,
joined the settlement at Royal Spring (now Georgetown),
and assisted in building the fort which he
subsequently defended. In October, 1776, he was one of
seven men that set out for Fort Pitt to procure
powder and ammunition, making the journey through
the wilderness on foot and up the river in canoes.
All the party were either killed or wounded by
the Indians, Patterson received a blow from a
