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Miscellany." Pemberton returned to Philadelphia in 1789, and in 1794 again went abroad on a mis- sionary tour into Holland and Germany, in which countries he labored until his death. On quitting Amsterdam, he issued an address to the inhabitants of that city, entitled " Tender Caution and Advice to the Inhabitants of Amsterdam." See his jour- nal of travels in Holland and Germany in " Friends' Miscellany" (vol. viii.). He left a large estate, much of which he gave by his will to the several charitable, benevolent, and religious organizations with which he had been associated, and for the purpose of aiding in the formation of like organi- zations. — The first Israel's great-great-grandson, John Clifford, soldier, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Aug., 1814; d. in Penllyn, Pa.. 13 July, 1881, was appointed to the U. S. military academy on his own application by President Jack- son, who had been a friend of his father. After his graduation in 1837 he was assigned to the 4th artillery, and served against the Indians in Florida in 1837-'9, and on the north- ern frontier during the Canada bor- der disturbances in 1840-'2. He was promoted 1st lieutenant on 19

March, 1842, and

was on garrison duty till the Mexican war, dur- ing which he served with credit as aide to Gen. Worth, receiving the brevet of captain for gal- lantry at Monterey, and that of major for services at Molino del Rey. At the close of the war he was presented with a sword by citizens of Phila- delphia, and thanked, with other Pennsylvania officers, by resolution of the legislature of that state. In 1848 he married Martha, daughter of William H. Thompson, of Norfolk, Va. He was promoted captain on 16 Sept., 1850, took part in operations against the Seminole Indians in 1849-50 and 1856-'7, and served at Fort Leavenworth dur- ing the Kansas troubles, and in the Utah expedi- tion of 1858. At the beginning of the civil war he was ordered from Fort Ridgely, Minn., to Washington, and after his arrival there, in spite of the personal efforts of Gen. Winfield Scott to pre- vent him. resigned his commission and was ap- pointed lieutenant-colonel of Virginia state troops, to date from 28 April, 1861. He was intrusted with the organization of the artillery and cavalry of the state, and became colonel on 8 May, 1861. On 15 June he was made major of artillery in the Confederate army, and two days later a brigadier- general. On 13 Feb., 1862, he was promoted major- general, and at the request of Gen. Robert E. Lee, whom he succeeded, was appointed to command the department that included South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, with headquarters at Chaiies- ton. Here he strengthened the harbor defences, planning and beginning Fort Wagner and Battery B, and planting submarine obstructions. On 13 Oct.. 1862, he was promoted lieutenant-general, and assigned to the charge of the department that comprised Mississippi, Tennessee, and eastern Lou- isiana, with headquarters at Jackson. Miss. Pem- berton's operations around Vicksburg and his de- fence of that city against Gen. Grant are described in the article Grant, Ulysses S. After his sur- render of the city and garrison on 4 July, 1863. he returned on parole to Richmond, where he remained until he was duly exchanged. As a man of north- ern birth he had many enemies at the south dur- ing the early period of the war, but he had always the confidence of the Confederate authorities. After his exchange, finding no command that was commensurate with his rank, he resigned, and was reappointed as inspector of ordnance, with the rank of colonel, in which capacity he served until the close of the war. He then retired to a farm near Warrenton, Va., but in 1876 returned to Philadel- phia, which was the home of his brothers and sis- ters. In the spring of 1881 his health began to fail, and he removed, in the hope of benefiting it, to Penllvn. near Philadelphia, where he died.

PEMBERTON, Thomas, historian, b. in Bos- ton in 1728 ; d. there, 5 July, 1807. He was a suc- cessful merchant of his native city, but devoted niuoh of his time to historical research. He was an active member of the Massachusetts historical society, contributed largely to its collections, and bequeathed all his manuscripts to it. He wrote a Massachusetts chronology of the 18th century, containing in five manuscript volumes the remark- able events of each year, biographical notices of eminent men, and other items of interest. This work was used by Dr. Abiel Holmes in compiling his "Annals of America" (Boston, 1805). Mr. Pemberton's manuscript memoranda were also ex- tensive. His historical journal of the American Revolution is printed in the collections of the Massachusetts historical society.

PENAFIEL, Alfonso (pain-yah-fe-el'), clergy- man, b. in Riobaniba, Peru, in the latter part of the 10th century. He was a member of the Society of Jesus, taught philosophy and theology at Lima and Cuzco, and was distinguished for his eloquence and learning. He wrote '"Cursum Artium" (Lyons, 1654); "Theologian!" (1666); " De Metaphysica " (1670) ; and " Obligaciones y excelencias de las tres Ordenes Militares de Santiago, Calatrava y Alcan- tara " (Madrid, 1643).

PENA Y PEXA, Mannel de la (pain -yah), president of Mexico, b. in Tacuba, 10 March, 1789; d. in the city of Mexico, 2 Jan., 1850. He studied in the seminary, was graduated in law, 16 Dec, 1811, and on 26 Dec, 1813, appointed attorney-general of the corporation of Mexico. In 1820 he was elected a member of the audiencia of Quito, but. on account of political events, could not take charge of that office, and filled provisionally a vacancy in the audiencia of Mexico. In April, 1822, he was given an appointment in the treasury, and on 21 Oct., Iturbide, who had proclaimed himself emperor, appointed him minister to Colombia, but he did not leave Mexico, on account of the fall of the empire. Two years afterward he was elected to the supreme court of justice. In 1837 he formed part of Bustamante's cabinet as minister of the interior, and the following year he was elected member of the supreme conservative power. This was a third power instituted in 1837, besides the legislative and executive powers, a sort of senate. It was abolished in 1838. He taught public law in the university and was president of the Academy of jurisprudence and rector of the College of lawyers. In 1841 he was a commissioner for the formation of the civil code. In 1843 he was appointed councillor of state and senator, but soon entered the cabinet again as secretary of state. On 26 Sept., 1847, as president of th'e supreme court, he took charge of the executive of the nation in Queretaro, and held it till 12 Nov., when